1. 3.)What are the adverse medical implications of this condition

2. Adverse Medical Implications Muscle weakness and paralysis (more negative resting membrane potential) Respiratory – Hypoventilation (due to respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis) Gastrointestinal – Paralytic ileus

3. Adverse Medical Implications Muscle weakness and paralysis (more negative resting membrane potential) Respiratory – Hypoventilation (due to respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis) Gastrointestinal – Paralytic ileus

4. Adverse Medical Implications Cardiac – ECG changes Due to delayed ventricular repolarization Early changes: flattening or inversion of T wave, prominent U wave, ST-segment depression, prolonged QU interval Severe K+ depletion: prolonged PR interval, decreased voltage and widening of QRS complex

5. A: Normal B: flattening of T wave C-F:U wave, ST-depression, prolonged QU interval

6. Adverse Medical Implications Cardiac – Increased risk for ventricular arrythmias – Potential digitalis toxicity – Risk for Hypertension Exercising skeletal muscle  insufficient blood flow  increased risk for rhabdomyolysis Metabolic acidosis (due to increased bicarbonate excretion)

7. Adverse Medical Implications Renal – Risk for renal cystic disease HypoK leads to increased ammoniagenesis which may activate the complement system – Mild Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) Defective activation of adenylate cyclase = decrease effect of vasopressin Endocrine – Glucose intolerance = due to decreased insulin or insulin resistance

8. 4. What is the significance of the urinary potassium levels?

9. Potassium Regulation Kidney – K+ balance: Urinary K+ excretion= Dietary intake – Decreased secretion: Low K+ diet, hypoaldosteronism, acidosis, K+ sparing diuretics GIT – dietary K+ is absorbed in the small intestine by passive diffusion – K+ is secreted in the colon through aldosterone stimulation in diarrhea, K+ secretion by the colon is increased

10. Urinary Potassium level NV = 25 - 100 meq/L patient has decreased urinary K+ (15meq/L) a decrease of: – <25meq/L - diarrhea – >40meq/L - diuretics