1. Unit 3 Psychology Isobel hardwick

2. Topic 2 A stroke can have a devastating impact on the brain and the cause a range of behavioural impairments. Show how a stroke can cause impairments if it happens in different lobes of the brain.

3. What is a stroke A stroke happens when blood supply is interrupted from the brain. The blood is carried in arteries that holds oxygen and other important nutrients. This interruption happens via the arteries when they are blocked or have burst. When the brain doesn’t get enough oxygen or nutrients, that are of the brain damaged is called Cerebral Infract

4. Ischemic Stroke Caused when an artery to the brain is blocked. This is caused by narrow pathways usually in the neck or head that is usually caused by gradual cholesterol build-up. If the arteries become too narrow, the blood cells may collect and form a blood clot.

5. Haemorrhagic stroke It occurs when there is a seeping of blood from the vessels and is can occur swelling in the tissue of the brain. The bleeding can happen in the brain matter and this is called intracerebral haemorrhage.

6. Effects of the stroke Left sideRight side Effects of a stroke depends on the intensity of the stroke (tissue damaged ect) but for the left side, these are some common effects Paralysis on right side of body Speech/language problems Memory loss For the right side of the brain, these are some common effects from a stroke Paralysis on the left side of body Vision problems Memory loss Quick, inquisitive behavioural style

7. Frontal Lobe the frontal lobe is the biggest lobe in the brain and its purposes include initiating the body’s movement, lanuage, planning, judgement, problem solving and aspects of personality and emotions. On the left of the lobe (broccas area) is also responsible for production of speech. The frontal lobe also holds the primary motor cortex for both left and right side.

8. Effects on the frontal lobe Frontal lobe consists for abstracting thoughts and social skills and planning So if a stroke effects the frontal lobe then some of the problems they might have is enabling to solve a task. People with their frontal lobe damage are likely to make mistakes because they lack foresight.

9. Primary motor cortex This sits at the rear of the frontal lobe. This is responsible for movement of the skeletal muscles. (eyes, lips, hip knees ect) It also functions as an opposite (left side of PMC controls the right side of body).

10. Effects to the PMC If this part of the brain is damaged then people might not be able to move as well. So if the left side is damaged then moving their right hand/leg ect might be difficult.

11. Parietal Lobe The parietal lobe focuses on perception of their own body and also to perceive their own immediate environment. The information is sent to the parietal lobe mostly from the visual system. The right side of the Parietal lobe enables a person to see things in 3D and this helps a person drawing an object.

12. Effects on the parietal lobe The parietal lobe enables a person to perseve their own body and memory of things in their immediate mind. Someone who has their Parietal lobe damaged means that someone might not notice everything fully. Eg: someone might only draw parts of the picture.

13. Temporal lobe The temporal lobe is mainly for processing information through the ears It preforms auditory analysis that is for understanding human speech or listening to music ect The temporal lobe is connected to the hippocampus (vital for putting information into long term memory)

14. Effects for temporal lobe When the right side of the temporal lobe is damaged then people would be facing affects like not being able to recognise faces, songs or even paintings.

15. Occipital lobe The occipital lobe is entirely for vision. The right side of the lobe is concered with the each right retina. Information from the centre of the visual field and the centre of each retina is processed in both lobes.

16. Effects of occipital lobe A person who has fully damaged this part of their brain but not their eye wont be blind but wont be able to process and visual stimuli that the eye can see. So it would be as if their blind. However, if only a portion of the lobe is damaged then they would have a gap in their visual field where only specific visual stimuli would not be processed.

17. Case study; spatial neglect Mrs S suffers from spacial neglect meaning that a peson systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body. It usually happens after a brain injury and in most cases the damage is located in the parietal lobe in the right side. Most people suffering don’t even realise that they suffer from this neglect.

18. A drawing example

19. Bibliography https://strokefoundation.com.au/what-is- a-stroke/ https://strokefoundation.com.au/what-is- a-stroke/ http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlib rary/conditions/nervous_system_disorder s/effects_of_stroke_brain_attack_85,P00 777/ http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlib rary/conditions/nervous_system_disorder s/effects_of_stroke_brain_attack_85,P00 777/ http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROK EORG/AboutStroke/EffectsofStroke/Effect s-of- Stroke_UCM_308534_SubHomePage.jsp

20. Bibliography Oxford psychology second edition Roger Edward Karen Marangio Viki Moore Elizabeth Blaher-Lucas Fiona Ganino-Day