1. Agenda: Activity: Superbugs Extra Credit Homework: No Homework Tonight! Buckle Down Test Tomorrow 4/21/2015! Bring your review packets!! Monday 4/20/2015

2. Agenda: Activity: Buckle Down Exam Homework: Virus Most Wanted Poster due Friday April 24 th for 45 Points Tuesday 4/21/2015

3. Agenda: Notes: Viral Diseases Video: “Superflu” and Questions Video: HIV and Discussion Questions Activity: HIV Coloring Sheet with Questions Activity: Pop Quiz Homework: Virus and Bacteria Growth Data Sheet Wednesday/Thursday 4/22-4/23/2015

4. Viruses that leads to a disease = pathogen Diseases caused by viruses have been feared for many years. The most lethal, influenza virus: “flu.” Influenza virus infects cells of the upper respiratory tract. From 1918 – 1919, ~22 million American & European deaths from the Spanish flu *Influenza virus spread world wide within 2 years.

5. Viruses can also lead to cancer Pathogen examples… Hepatitis B (Liver Cancer) Epstein-Barr virus (Burkitts Lymphoma) Human papilloma virus A.K.A “HPV” ( Cervical cancer, Throat cancer, Vaginal cancer and Penile cancer) Human Immunodeficiency Virus A.K.A. “HIV” (Skin cancer, Oral cancer, lung cancer, etc.)

7. Emerging viruses Emerging viruses: Newly recognized viruses appearing or spreading in a new area. 1. West Nile Virus: 1999, spread across the United States. Likely result of an infected bird from overseas. Common in Africa, E. Europe, W. Asia 2. Hantavirus: Common in south west United States. Result of infected rodent droppings. Causes lethal illness; 38% of infected humans die

9. West Nile Virus Q. What are the symptoms of West Nile virus (WNV) infection? A. Infection with WNV can be asymptomtic (no symptoms), or can lead to West Nile fever or severe West Nile disease. 20% of people who become infected with WNV will develop West Nile fever. Symptoms: fever, headache, tiredness, and body aches, skin rash (on the trunk of the body) and swollen lymph glands. While the illness can be as short as a few days, even healthy people have reported being sick for several weeks. The symptoms of severe disease (also called neuroinvasive disease, such as West Nile encephalitis or meningitis) include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis. 1 in 150 persons infected with the West Nile virus will develop a severe form of disease. Serious illness can occur in people of any age, however people over age 50 are at the highest risk. 4 out of 5 people who are infected with West Nile virus will be asymptomatic, however you cannot know ahead of time if you'll get sick or not when infected. Q. What is the incubation period in humans (i.e., time from infection to onset of disease symptoms) for West Nile disease? A. Usually 2 to 15 days. Q. How long do symptoms last? A. Symptoms of West Nile fever will generally last a few days, although even some healthy people report having the illness last for several weeks. The symptoms of severe disease (encephalitis or meningitis) may last several weeks, although neurological effects may be permanent.

10. Hantavirus Signs & Symptoms for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Due to the small number of HPS cases, the "incubation time" is not positively known. However, on the basis of limited information, it appears that symptoms may develop between 1 and 5 weeks after exposure to fresh urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents. Early Symptoms Early symptoms include fatigue, fever and muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups—thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. These symptoms are universal. There may also be headaches, dizziness, chills, and abdominal problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. About half of all HPS patients experience these symptoms. Late Symptoms Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These include coughing and shortness of breath, with the sensation of, as one survivor put it, a "...tight band around my chest and a pillow over my face" as the lungs fill with fluid. Is the Disease Fatal? Yes. HPS can be fatal. It has a mortality rate of 38%.

13. What is rabies? What does it do? Reading

14. Structure of HIV- Spherical HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus leads to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and many cancers Viral envelope is made up of a lipid bilayer; surface is made up of glycoproteins. In the envelope is a capsid which holds the viral genetic material (RNA) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gGEU6vw4J0

15. How HIV Infects Cells: Analysis 1.What is the function of the lipid membrane? 2.What is the function of the envelope membrane? 3.What is reverse transcriptase? What does it do? 4.Why is it difficult for virologist to develop vaccines for a retro virus? 5.What happens to T Helper Cells?

16. Virus: Most Wanted Activity DUE: Monday, April 22 nd Each student will select one virus (from list) Create a “most wanted” poster based on the viruses “profile” No computer lab time  Homework category: 40% Create and present Most Wanted poster

17. Virus: Most Wanted List Acute Infantile GastroenteritisHand/foot/mouth diseaseSmallpox Crimean CongoHantavirus Pulmonary SyndromeWest Nile Fever ChickenpoxCytomegalovirusYellow Fever Common ColdMeaslesGerman Common WartsMonkeypoxShingles CowpoxMononucleosisNorwalk Machupo virusMumpsLassa virus Dengue FeverPoliomyelitisRoss River Fever EbolaRabies Human rhinovirus Fifth’s DiseaseSARSArenavirus SporotrichosisRickettsia typhi