1. Water Safety Plans & Catchment Management

2. Initiated and developed by the WHO in collaboration with IWA (as many of our members are water utilities) as a tool for ensuring safety of DW.
WSPs are recommended as the most effective management approach for ensuring the safety of drinking-water supplies in the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water

3. A way to ensure safe drinking-water by:
What is a WSP?
A way to ensure safe drinking-water by:
Knowing the system thoroughly
Identifying where and how problems could arise
Multibarrier approach - Putting barriers and management systems in place to stop the problems before they happen
Making sure all parts of the system work properly
A comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer
Fits within a framework for safe drinking-water
WSPs are system specific so the Manual is just a guideline document
Nature of WSP will depend on complexity/simplicity of the system
Possible to have WSP regardless of size of utility/system

4. Regional or local Government
Focus is on Water Supplier
Regulators
Regional or local Government
National Government
Health
Catchment managers
Community & consumer groups
Water supplier
CONSUMERS
Raw water catchment
Local builders, plumbers & water fittings suppliers
Although it is risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. It is within the boundaries of the water utility and what they can influence and control.
Upstream water source
Downstream – network delivery
Which is why it is important for the WSP process to have wider stakeholder engagement
National/regional water associations
Catchment Users
National associations dealing with builders, plumbers, retailers & manufacturers

5. Overview of Water Safety Plans
Assemble team
(Module 1)
Develop supporting programmes
(Module 9)
Plan & carry out periodic WSP review (Module 10)
Verify the effectiveness of the WSP (Module 7)
Develop, implement & maintain an improvement plan (Module 5)
Determine & validate control measures, reassess & prioritize risks (Module 4)
Identify the hazards & assess the risks
(Module 3)
Revise WSP following incident (Module 11)
Describe the water supply system (Module 2)
Define monitoring of control measures (Module 6)
incident
Feedback
Management & communication
Monitoring
System assessment
Prepare management procedures
(Module 8)
Preparation
11 step proccess, which includes preparation, system assssment, monitoring, management and communication and feedback

6. WSPs AND Catchment Management
Part of WSP process is identifying hazards and assessing risk
Identify all hazardous events that could contaminate, compromise or interrupt supply
Identify all potential hazards in supply chain (from source to tap)
Evaluate the risks associated with each hazard/hazardous event
Examples
Heavy rainfall (hazardous event) may promote the introduction of microbial pathogens (hazards) into the source water
Flooding can result in damaged infrastructure
Drought can compromise water supply and water quality

7. Emphasis on treatment for water quality
Water utilities range of control
Cost
Barriers / Control Measures
Catchment
Treatment
Distribution
Consumers

8. Better catchment management
Catchment management improves water supply downstream (quantity and quality)
Increase source water quality – OR – ensure source water quality does not deteriorate
Decrease intensity of treatment processes – reduce costs (chemicals, energ)
Decrease the necessity to seek new water resources (time and money)
Decrease water quality variance – more predictable quality
Understanding flood and drought hazards enables better planning for infrastructure investment (e.g. storage and networks), risk mitigation measures (e.g. urban storage and drainage)

9. Linking catchment Management and WSP
Identify key catchment stakeholders
Verify effectiveness of catchment controls
Map and characterise catchments
Develop catchment partnerships
Promote catchment risk mitigate measures
Identify hazards and hazardous activities
Flood and drought information is needed
Develop catchment warning and response procedures
Assess risks which could compromise treated water quality
In the case of many utilities, there has been little control or engagement with the catchment and the control measures has focused from the intake. However, through WSP there is more priority to catchment initiatives with collaboration between water companies and catchment stakeholders. The benefits of such collaboration may be long term (e.g. communication and education of population on why water sources need to be protected), so also require involvement of regulators to enable sustainable solutions. Some utilities have also undertaken initiatives with other catchment stakeholders, particularly with agriculture in respect to pesticides and fertilizer usage and animal grazing and breeding. In some cases, the WSP approach was a way of reinvigorating these initiatives.
Implement risk based raw water monitoring
Balance between need for enhanced treatment and likely effectiveness of catchment controls
Assess need for improved treatment to reduce risk

10. Policy and Legislation
Catchment partnerships
Policy and Legislation
National / regional level
Water Associations
Water Associations
Water Associations
Local implementation
Catchment managers
Catchment ‘users’
Water Supplier
Catchment Level

11. Development of tools to incorporate impacts of climatic variability and change, in particular floods and drought, into basin planning processes

12. Project rationale
Climatic variability and change is increasing in the form of more frequent, severe and less predictable floods and droughts
Growing sense of urgency among countries, basin organizations and other end users such as utilities to build resilience towards floods and droughts
Risks related to hydrologic uncertainty is magnified in transboundary contexts, where cooperation among countries is essential to any coping strategy.

13. Project Background
Initiated by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) secretariat and UNEP to look at methodologies for addressing extreme weather events
Partners – IWA, DHI and UNEP
DHI – expertise on development of tools for water managemnet
IWA – engaging with key end users (especially utilities) to develop and test methodology
GEF needs to develop a tool to better address floods and drought issues in its portfolio
more than 50 IWRM-related projects in 30 lake and river basins throughout the world.
GEF projects have shown flood and droughts to be a priority transboundary concern, along with the other multiple drivers that cause depletion and degradation

14. Project Goal
The project aims at contributing to the global efforts being made to maintain acceptable levels of societal and ecosystem sustainability vis-a-vis growing climatic uncertainty and unpredictability.
Project Objective
Improve the ability of land, water and urban area managers operating in transboundary river basins to recognize and address, as part of the TDA-SAP, IWRM plans and water safety plans processes, the implications of the increased frequency, magnitude and unpredictability of flood and drought events

15. Overall project design

16. Project outputs
Developing a generic methodology for basins, which uses tools and decision support systems that integrate information on floods and droughts to:
Transboundary Diagnostic Analyses and Strategic Action Plans
IWRM and Water safety plans.
Based on an assessment of present approaches, and developed through consultation with stakeholders
Combination of learning and pilot transboundary basin

17. Basins
Pilot Basins – Direct testing of generic methodology to incorporate floods and droughts into planning
Lake Victoria, Volta, Chao Phraya
Learning Basins – Consultations to understand how DSS are being applied and used in planning and what can be improved
Danube
Identify main water management issues and use these as a starting point for discussion
Opportunity to take stock of how the basin is managing flood events, what are the gaps and what can be developed in the future
Rationale: There are differing capacities across regions and in order for the methodology to be truly generic, it needs to be tested in different basins which have end users with varying needs, demands, wishes, interest, opportunities, and capacities.
The learning can be two-ways. The project can no doubt learn from certain issues that have been addressed in the basin and the methodologies and tools used. On the other hand, certain innovative methods and tools will emerge from the project and as they are in the public domain they can be applied by the agencies in the learning basin.
One such learning basin is the Danube, which has shown interest to such a degree that it has decided contribute with co-finance.
The engagement with learning basins will be to identify main water management issues and use these as a starting point for discussion. Transboundary cooperation has been on-going for a long time (in some cases with the support of GEF) and this provides an opportunity to take stock of how the basin is managing flood events, what are the gaps and what can be developed in the future. Specifically, what is the support system needed to improve the decision making process? The outputs of these discussions would be used in the development of the methodology.

18. Basin
GEF
Transboundary institution
Location
Nos. of countries in basin
Flood and drought impacts
Major urban area
Existing water safety plans
Volta
date
Volta Basin Authority
West Africa 6
Serious – irregular flooding and drought
Ouagadougou
Under development
Chao Praya
Not earlier
None
South East Asia 1
Extremely serious
Bangkok
Lake Victoria
date
Lake Victoria Basin Commission
East Africa 5
Serious
Kampala, Mwanza and Kisumu
Yes

19. What is thE “methodology”?
Most advanced commercially available Decision Support Systems (DSS) combine databases, models, GIS and web technologies with configurable decision logics.
Information is processed in such a way to produce various scenarios to make informed decisions
Project will develop open access modules to allow the integration of flood and drought elements and of likely climatic scenarios into more commonly used DSSs, and apply them to IWRM planning, to the TDA process, and to WSPs.

20. Stakeholder Engagement
Emphasis is to be placed on the management of floods and droughts affecting urban and industrial areas that are the centers of economic growth, assets and wealth creation.
Links with utilities and WSPs that incorporate catchment management
WSP will complement wider basin planning and provide in depth engagement with end users
Provides opportunity for awareness raising on river basin management benefits at local level (urban and industrial)
The Water Safety Plan approach will be used to complement wider basin planning as it provides a more in depth engagement with key stakeholders and their legitimate concerns about risk assessment and management options within their boundaries as well as those in the wider river basin context
A particular emphasis will be placed on the management of floods and droughts affecting urban and industrial areas that are the centers of economic growth, assets and wealth creation. Furthermore the engagement with key economic stakeholders depending on sound river basin management can be deepened and lead to a wider appreciation of river basin management benefits, at the national and transboundary levels.

21. Discussion Risks and Hazards
What specific risks and hazards around floods and droughts, have you encountered which you would like to include in planning processes?
What kind of information do you currently gather around floods and droughts (quantitative and qualitative) in the TDA/SAP process?
Decision support systems
What type of decision support tools (especially for floods and droughts) are you familiar with? How are using them?
What type of outputs do you use or are you looking for from a DSS which focuses on floods and droughts? How would use information from a DSS in a TDA process and planning?
Stakeholder engagement
How do you engage with other stakeholders at local level (e.g industries, utilities, etc)?