1. Caffeine and Nicotine Andrea Pava

2. Nicotine and Caffeine A stimulant An alkaloid  naturally occurring chemical that contains nitrogen atoms, heterocyclic rings and a tertiary amine Caffeine contains an amide group Nicotine is also sympathomimetic  one that mimics the effect of stimulation on the sympathetic nervous system.

3. Chemical Structure of nicotine

4. Where is it found Found in the tobacco leaf Average per leaf  0.6% -3% Average per cigarette: 1 mg One of the hardest addiciton to break. Similar to cocaine and heroin addiction Average 7 seconds to reach the brain after inhaled and it’s half life is 2 hours.

5. Why people smoke Increases levels of neurotransmitters Increase dopamine in the brain which are responsible for euphoria and relaxation It also increases flow of adrenaline

6. Effects of Nicotine Short term: – Increases concentration – Relief of tension – Increase heart rate and blood pressure – Reduction in urine output Long term: – Increased risk of heart disease and coronary thrombosis – Excess production of stomach acid  increase risk of peptic ulcer – Chronic lung disease – Cancer: lung, mouth, throat – Adverse effects on pregnancy

7. Caffeine Found in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drink and painkillers A diuretic and respiratory stimulant Used in painkillers because it speeds up the effects of the medicine Half life= 5 hours

8. Structure

9. Effects Short term – Anxiety – Irritability – Sleeplessness – Restores alertness Long term – Excess production of stomach acid – Acid reflux – Peptic ulcers Overdose – Hallucinations – Depression – Rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue)