1. 11 NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE Chapter 3

2. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE2 NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER  Provides the link between a computer and the network  Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions  Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer  Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)  Provides the link between a computer and the network  Requires a device driver to perform both data-link and physical layer functions  Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus (USB) port on a computer  Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

3. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE3 A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER

4. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE4 TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS  Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission:  Data transfer, buffering, and encapsulation  Media Access Control (MAC)  Parallel/ serial conversion  Signal encoding and amplification  Network interface adapters perform the following functions during data transmission:  Data transfer, buffering, and encapsulation  Media Access Control (MAC)  Parallel/ serial conversion  Signal encoding and amplification

5. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE5 HALF-DUPLEX AND FULL-DUPLEX MODES

6. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE6 INSTALLING A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER IN A COMPUTER To install a network interface adapter: 1. Physically insert the network interface adapter card into the slot. 2. Configure the card to use the appropriate hardware resources. 3. Install the card’s device driver. To install a network interface adapter: 1. Physically insert the network interface adapter card into the slot. 2. Configure the card to use the appropriate hardware resources. 3. Install the card’s device driver.

7. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE7 A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER IN A COMPUTER

8. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE8 NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER DEVICE DRIVERS  Network interfaces require a device driver to provide the link between the computer and the interface.  Operating systems ship with device drivers for common interfaces.  Operating systems that support PnP detect and configure the interface automatically.  You can get drivers from the manufacturer’s Web site.  The driver configuration must match the interface’s resource settings.  Network interfaces require a device driver to provide the link between the computer and the interface.  Operating systems ship with device drivers for common interfaces.  Operating systems that support PnP detect and configure the interface automatically.  You can get drivers from the manufacturer’s Web site.  The driver configuration must match the interface’s resource settings.

9. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE9 TROUBLESHOOTING A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER  To troubleshoot the suspect network interface adapter, open the computer case and do the following:  Verify that the interface is seated properly in the bus slot.  Remove the card, clean the slot, and then reseat the card in the same slot or try another slot.  Test a different interface (known to be functional) in the same slot and in a different slot  To troubleshoot the suspect network interface adapter, open the computer case and do the following:  Verify that the interface is seated properly in the bus slot.  Remove the card, clean the slot, and then reseat the card in the same slot or try another slot.  Test a different interface (known to be functional) in the same slot and in a different slot

10. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE10 HUBS, REPEATERS, AND CONCENTRATORS  Hubs, repeaters, and concentrators are all physical layer devices that  Amplify and repeat signals  Extend the distance of a network  Hubs, repeaters, and concentrators are all physical layer devices that  Amplify and repeat signals  Extend the distance of a network

11. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE11 AN ETHERNET REPEATER

12. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE12 10BASE-T AND 100BASE-X HUBS  10Base-T and 100Base-TX/100Base-T4 standards define Ethernet networks that function at 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps, using baseband signaling over twisted-pair wire.  10Base-T  Maximum distance limitation for each connection: 100 meters, including workstation-to-hub and hub-to-hub connections  Can have up to four hubs connected to form a hierarchical star  Includes an internal crossover circuit  Uses an uplink port to form a hierarchical star  10Base-T and 100Base-TX/100Base-T4 standards define Ethernet networks that function at 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps, using baseband signaling over twisted-pair wire.  10Base-T  Maximum distance limitation for each connection: 100 meters, including workstation-to-hub and hub-to-hub connections  Can have up to four hubs connected to form a hierarchical star  Includes an internal crossover circuit  Uses an uplink port to form a hierarchical star

13. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE13 10BASE-T AND 100BASE-X HUBS (CONT.)  100Base-TX and 100Base-T4  There are two types of hubs: Class I and Class II.  The maximum distance for each node connection is 100 meters.  Class II hub-to-hub connections can be no more than 5 meters long.  100Base-TX and 100Base-T4  There are two types of hubs: Class I and Class II.  The maximum distance for each node connection is 100 meters.  Class II hub-to-hub connections can be no more than 5 meters long.

14. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE14 HUB CONNECTIONS

15. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE15 10BASE-T HUB

16. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE16 ROUTERS Routers are network layer devices that connect LANs.  Connect similar or different data-link layer LANs  Must understand and support the network layer protocol and addressing  Perform fragmentation  Strip the data-link header and footer off received frames  Add a new data-link header and footer before transmitting frames  Use routing protocols to build routing tables and forward frames  Define separate broadcast domains Routers are network layer devices that connect LANs.  Connect similar or different data-link layer LANs  Must understand and support the network layer protocol and addressing  Perform fragmentation  Strip the data-link header and footer off received frames  Add a new data-link header and footer before transmitting frames  Use routing protocols to build routing tables and forward frames  Define separate broadcast domains

17. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE17 A SIMPLE ROUTED NETWORK

18. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE18 A ROUTED INTERNETWORK

19. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE19 GATEWAYS  Can include the functions of all seven layers of the OSI model  Connect dissimilar systems and protocols  Perform translation and conversion services  Can include the functions of all seven layers of the OSI model  Connect dissimilar systems and protocols  Perform translation and conversion services

20. Chapter 3: NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE20 SUMMARY  Network interface adapters provide the physical link between computers and the network.  Hubs are physical layer devices that amplify and repeat signals out all ports except the one they were received through.  Routers are network layer devices that forward datagrams between LANs.  Gateways translate and convert protocols between dissimilar systems.  Network interface adapters provide the physical link between computers and the network.  Hubs are physical layer devices that amplify and repeat signals out all ports except the one they were received through.  Routers are network layer devices that forward datagrams between LANs.  Gateways translate and convert protocols between dissimilar systems.