1. Sintoclor cation-anion balance Coated calcium chloride
Protected anionic mineral supplement for animal nutrition

2. APPLICATION OF ANIONIC SALTS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
As factor of electrolytic equilibrium of the organism with particular reference to the cation-anion balance
C.A.B.
Cation-Anion Balance

3. Cation-Anion Balance (CAB)
When the balance between cation and anion result in a net negative charge blood pH is lowered.
To neutralize the lower blood pH caused by negative DCAD, the animal mobilizes buffers including
Ca phosphate and bicarbonate from bone.
The metabolic manipulation normally leads to lower urine pH.
Urinary pH is a good indicator of susceptibility to parturient hypocalcemia
and the effectiveness of DCAB adjustment.
Using the correct DCAD
a urine pH of 6 to 6.5 will be achieved.

4. C.A.B.

5. Suggested DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) values

6. Mineral content of some feedstuffs (% dm)
Acidogenic potency of feedstuffs
Mineral content of some feedstuffs (% dm)

7. Acidogenic potency
Quick calculation

8. Off flavour, risk of rumen acidosis
Physiological and sensorial estimation of acid salts
Metabolism
Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4
Metabolic problem
Epsom salts
MgSO4
Bad absorption
Calcium sulphate (gypsum) CaSO4
Calcium chloride
CaCl2
Off flavour, risk of rumen acidosis
Ammonium chloride
NH4Cl

9. MAIN MINERAL SALTS USED TO BALANCE THE CAB
Calcium chloride
Magnesium sulphate
Ammonium chloride

10. Acidogenic Substances Double action calcium salt.
Relative Potency of
Acidogenic Substances
CaCl2 Calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is one of the best source of anionic salts for transition cows and pre-farrowing sows.
Double action calcium salt.
Good source of calcium at very low acid-binding capacity and high bio-availability Cl- anion (>90%).
It can achieve the correct level of cation-anion balance and in this way the calcium requirements will be met without mineral restriction.

11. Acidogenic Substances
Relative Potency of
Acidogenic Substances
MgSO4- magnesium sulfate
The effectiveness of MgSO4 as an acidifier is arguable.
Mg supplementation might be beneficial in cows fed NH4Cl2 if the basal Mg intake is marginal. Ammonium salts may impair Mg utilization, thereby producing a secondary magnesium deficiency.
Dietary supplementation with Mg might help prevent this adverse effect of ammonium salts and might also help counteract impairment of magnesium absorption associated with high dietary potassium.

12. Acidogenic Substances
Relative Potency of
Acidogenic Substances
NH4Cl- ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride is acidogenic because the NH4+ ion dissociates into NH3 and H+, and the NH3 can be converted to urea in the liver.
Waste of energy.
Ammonium salts may impair Mg utilization thereby producing a secondary magnesium deficiency.
Not included in the feed materials list of EU (excluding France only for fattening lamb).

13. Acidogenic Substances
Relative Potency of
Acidogenic Substances
On the basis of data referred to the acidogenic potency, calcium chloride is the most active but it shows palatability and handling problems during feed production
A protection technology is necessary for an efficient use in order to avoid all negative factors

14. COATED CALCIUM CHLORIDE
Why?
Negative factors
Highly hygroscopic
Very soluble
Unpalatable
Irritation of mucosa
Risk of acidosis

15. (Water Releasing Control) Main target small intestine
Technology of protection
W.R.C.®
(Water Releasing Control)
Protection coating
Slow release
Main target small intestine

16. products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride at time 0
SINTOCLOR at time 0

17. products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride after 4min
SINTOCLOR after 4 min
Unlike SINTOCLOR, CaCl2 begins to adsorb humidity already after 4 minutes of exposure to air.

18. products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
The granule is translucent, as it is absorbing water
Granular calcium chloride after 6 min
SINTOCLOR after 6 min
Humidity penetrates into the granule of CaCl2, while it remains adhering to the surface of SINTOCLOR without penetrating.

19. products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride after 20 min
SINTOCLOR after 20 min
After 20 minutes of exposure to air the described phenomena continue.

20. products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products exposed to air, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride after 30 min
SINTOCLOR after 30 min
After 30 minutes of exposure to air CaCl2 is completely surrounded unlike SINTOCLOR, where small water drops are forming only on the surface.

21. products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride at time 0
SINTOCLOR at time 0
Calcium chloride and SINTOCLOR have been placed on a slide, a coffee spoon of water was added and observed under the microscope. Immediately after the contact with water, CaCl2 begins to dissolve while SINTOCLOR remains unaltered.

22. products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride after 1minute
SINTOCLOR after 1 minute
CaCl2 continues dissolving, causing an increase of water temperature, while SINTOCLOR remains unaltered.

23. products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride after 2minutes
SINTOCLOR after 2 minutes
CaCl2 continues dissolving, causing an increase of water temperature, while SINTOCLOR remains unaltered.

24. products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
products wet with water, observed under the microscope
Granular calcium chloride after 5 minutes
SINTOCLOR after 5 minutes
After 5 minutes CaCl2 has completely dissolved, while SINTOCLOR microgranules only show small water drops at the surface.

25. Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
SINTOCLOR wet with water, observed under the microscope after 30 minutes
The water drop cannot penetrate the granule of SINTOCLOR and remains on the surface

26. Hygroscopicity: comparison between CaCl2 and SINTOCLOR
SINTOCLOR wet with water, observed under the microscope after 120 minutes

27. (Water Releasing Control)
SINTOCLOR
W.R.C.®
(Water Releasing Control)
Advantages
Contains a negative (-) 14,000 mEq/Kg
DM - DCAD: (Na + K) - (Cl + S)
Mixing and pelleting resistant
Easier and safer to handle
Homogeneous physical presentation
( microns microgranule)
Gradual release of contents in the
upper part of the intestine