1. Section 2.2—Naming Chemicals
We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!

2. The Language of Chemistry
Chemistry has a language all of its own
Chemistry
English
Element Symbols
Letters
Chemical Formulas
Words
Chemical Equations
Sentences
Each element symbol starts with a capital letter

3. Binary Ionic compounds
The first type of compound is the binary ionic compound

4. Definitions Ionic bond- bond formed by attraction between + and - ions
Binary Ionic Compound- compound containing two elements—one metal and one non-metal +
Cation -
Anion
Ionic Compound

5. Metals & Non-Metals Ionic Bonds are between metals & non-metals H HeLi Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
Uun
Uuu
Uub
Uut
Metals
Metalloids
Non-metals

6. Identifying & Naming Binary Ionic
These compounds have:
2 elements (“binary”)
A metal & a non-metal (“ionic”)
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the metal (the cation)
Write the name of the non-metal (the anion) with the suffix “-ide”
The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type

7. Example #1
NaCl

8. NaCl Example #1 Sodium Chloride Cation Anion “Sodium”
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Sodium Chloride

9. Example #2
CaBr2

10. CaBr2 Example #2 Calcium Bromide Cation Anion “Calcium”
“Bromine” becomes “Bromide”
Calcium Bromide

11. Example #3
K2O

12. K2O Example #3 Potassium Oxide Cation Anion “Potassium”
“Oxygen” becomes “Oxide”
Potassium Oxide

13. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CaF2
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

14. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CaF2
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Calcium fluoride
Sodium phosphide
Sodium chloride
Strontium bromide
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

15. Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

16. Definition
Polyatomic Ion- more than one atom that together have a charge
Polyatomic Ionic Compound- compound containing at least one polyatomic ion +
Cation -
Polyatomic
Anion
Polyatomic Ionic
Compound

17. Common Polyatomic Ions
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS
Acetate, CH3COO-1 or C2H3O2-1
Ammonium NH4+1
Bromate, BrO3-1
Bromite, BrO2-1
Carbonate, CO3-2
Carbonite, CO2-2
Chlorate, ClO3-1
Chlorite, ClO2-1
Chromate, CrO4-2
Cyanide, CN-1
Dichromate, Cr2O7-2
Dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-1
Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate, HCO3-1
Hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate, HPO4-2
Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate, HSO4-1
Hydroxide, OH-1
Hypochlorite, ClO-1
Iodate, IO3-1
Iodite, IO2-1
Nitrate, NO3-1
Nitrite, NO2-1
Oxalate, C2O4-2
Perchlorate, ClO4-1
Permanganate, MnO4-1
Peroxide, O2-2
Phosphate, PO4-3
Phosphite, PO3-3
Silicate, SiO3-1
Sulfate, SO4-2
Sulfite, SO3-2

18. Help Identifying Polyatomic Ions
The only cation (front-half) polyatomic ion is “NH4”
All other polyatomic ions are anions (back-half)
The subscripts within the polyatomic ion is important (it must match exactly with the one on your ion list)
If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion is inside (ignore the number outside)

19. Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
NaNO3
NH4Cl
Ca(OH)2
(NH4)3PO4
K2CO3
Example:
Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound

20. Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
NaNO3
NH4Cl
Ca(OH)2
(NH4)3PO4
K2CO3
Nitrate
Ammonium
Hydroxide
Ammonium & phosphate
Carbonate
Example:
Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound

21. Identifying & Naming Polyatomic Ionic
These compounds have:
More than 2 capital letters (non starting with H)
Contain at least 1 metal & 1 non-metal
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the cation (the metal element name or “Ammonium” for “NH4”)
If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the polyatomic ion’s name just as it is
If the anion is a single non-metal element, write its name with the suffix “-ide”

22. Example #4
NaNO3

23. NaNO3 Example #4 Sodium Nitrate Cation Polyatomic Anion “Sodium”

24. Example #5
K2SO4

25. K2SO4 Example #5 Potassium sulfate Cation Polyatomic Anion “Potassium”

26. Example #6
Ca(OH)2

27. Ca(OH)2 Example #6 Calcium hydroxide Cation Polyatomic Anion “Calcium”

28. Example #7
(NH4)2S

29. (NH4)2S Example #7 Ammonium sulfide Polyatomic Cation Anion “Ammonium”
“sulfur” becomes “sulfide”
Ammonium sulfide

30. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
Ca(NO3)2
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

31. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
Ca(NO3)2
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Calcium nitrate
Sodium phosphate
Ammonium hypochlorite
Potassium carbonate
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

32. Multivalent Metals

33. Definition
Multivalent Metal- metal that has more than one possibility for cationic charge
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
Common multivalent metals and their charges
Cobalt Co Co+3
Copper Cu Cu+2
Iron Fe Fe+3
Lead Pb Pb+4
Manganese Mn+2 Mn+3
Mercury Hg2+2 Hg+2
Tin Sn Sn+4

34. Identifying & Naming Multivalent Metals
These compounds have:
One of the multi-valent metals in that chart
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the metal element (cation)
Write the name of the anion (element name with “-ide” or polyatomic ion name)
Determine the total negative charge
Total negative charge = total positive charge for all neutral compounds
Determine the charge on each metal atom
Write the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis after the metal’s name

35. Common Ions
Use the periodic table to determine charges on common elemental anions

36. Example #8
CuCl

37. CuCl Example #8 Copper Chloride Cation Anion “Copper”
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Copper Chloride

38. CuCl Example #8 Copper Chloride (I) Cation Anion “Copper”
Chloride has a –1 charge
CuCl
-1 charge * 1 ion = -1
A –1 charge needs a +1 charge
Anion
“Chlorine” becomes “Chloride”
Therefore, copper must be +1
Copper Chloride
(I)

39. Example #9
Fe2(CO3)3

40. Fe2(CO3)3 Example #9 Iron carbonate Cation Polyatomic Anion “Iron”

41. Fe2(CO3)3 Example #9 Iron carbonate (III) Cation Polyatomic Anion
Carbonate has a –2 charge
Fe2(CO3)3
-2 charge * 3 ions = -6
A –6 charge needs a +6 charge and there are 2 iron ions
Polyatomic
Anion
“Carbonate”
Therefore, iron must be +3
Iron carbonate
(III)

42. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
PbCl2
PbCl4
MnO
Mn2O3
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

43. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
PbCl2
PbCl4
MnO
Mn2O3
Lead (II) chloride
Lead (IV) chloride
Manganese (II) oxide
Manganese (III) oxide
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

44. Binary Covalent Compounds

45. Definition Covalent bond atoms share electrons
Binary Covalent Compound compound made from two non-metals that share electrons
Non
metal
Non
metal
Covalent compound

46. Identifying & Naming Binary Covalent
These compounds have:
2 elements (“binary”)
Both non-metals (“covalent”)
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the first element with the prefix indicating the number of atoms (except don’t use “mono-”)
Write the name of the second element with the prefix indicating the number of atoms (including “mono-”) and the suffix “ide”

47. PREFIXES USED IN MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Covalent Prefixes
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
PREFIXES USED IN MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
mono-
di-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
nona-
deca-

48. Example #10
P2O5

49. P2O5 Example #10 Diphosphorus pentaoxide Phosphorus Oxygen 2 = “di-”
Use “-ide”
Diphosphorus pentaoxide

50. Example #11
SiO2

51. SiO2 Example #11 Silicon dioxide Silicon Oxygen
Don’t use “mono-” on first element
Silicon
SiO2
Oxygen
2 = “di-”
Use “-ide”
Silicon dioxide

52. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CO2
N2O4
P4O10 CO
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

53. Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice
CO2
N2O4
P4O10 CO
Carbon dioxide
Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Tetraphosphorus decaoxide
Carbon monoxide
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

54. Nomenclature Summary

55. Write the name for the following compounds
Mixed Practice
Na2O
K3PO4
Cu(OH)2
(NH4)2S
MgCl2
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds

56. Write the name for the following compounds
Mixed Practice
Na2O
K3PO4
Cu(OH)2
(NH4)2S
MgCl2
Sodium oxide
Potassium phosphate
Copper (II) hydroxide
Ammonium sulfide
Magnesium chloride
Example:
Write the name for the following compounds