1. Solubility Lesson 6 Separating Ions

2. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ag + Ca 2+ Two positive ions are mixed in solution

3. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ag + Ca 2+ Add a negative ion that has low solubility with only one of the positive ions.

4. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ag + Ca 2+ Add a negative ion that has low solubility with only one of the positive ions. Try adding one anion from the Cl -, Br -, and I - group and work down if necessary.

5. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ag + Ca 2+ Cl - lowhigh Add a negative ion that has low solubility with only one of the positive ions. Try adding one anion from the Cl -, Br -, and I - group and work down if necessary.

6. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ag + Ca 2+ Cl - lowhigh Add a negative ion that has low solubility with only one of the positive ions. Try adding one anion from the Cl -, Br -, and I - group and work down if necessary. Add NaCl and filter out the solid AgCl (s) in order to remove it.

7. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ca 2+ Cl - lowhigh Add a negative ion that has low solubility with only one of the positive ions. Try adding one anion from the Cl -, Br -, and I - group and work down if necessary. Add NaCl and filter out the solid AgCl (s) in order to remove it. Ag + +Cl -  AgCl (s)

8. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ca 2+ Cl - lowhigh To remove the remaining Ca 2+ ion add an anion from the next group down on the solubility chart SO 4 2-.

9. Separating Ions by Precipitation Ca 2+ Cl - lowhigh SO 4 2- low To remove the remaining Ca 2+ ion add an anion from the next group down on the solubility chart SO 4 2-. Add Na 2 SO 4 and filter out the solid CaSO 4(s) in order to remove it.

10. Separating Ions by Precipitation Cl - lowhigh SO 4 2- low To remove the remaining Ca 2+ ion add an anion from the next group down on the solubility chart SO 4 2-. Add Na 2 SO 4 and filter out the solid CaSO 4(s) in order to remove it. Ca 2+ +SO 4 2-  CaSO 4(s)

11. Separating Positive Ions 1.SeparateBa 2+ &Pb 2+ Start at the top of page 4 and try Cl - first. i.AddNaClFilter out PbCl 2(s) Pb 2+ +2Cl -  PbCl 2(s) Drop down to SO 4 2- ii.AddNa 2 SO 4 Filter out BaSO 4(s) Ba 2+ +SO 4 2-  BaSO 4(s)

12. Separating Positive Ions 2.SeparateCu 2+,Mg 2+ &Sr 2+ Start at the top of page 4 and try Cl - first- all are High. Drop down to SO 4 2- i.AddNa 2 SO 4 Filter out SrSO 4(s) Sr 2+ +SO 4 2-  SrSO 4(s) Drop down to S 2- ii.AddNa 2 SFilter out CuS (s) Cu 2+ +S 2-  CuS (s) Drop down to OH - ii.AddNaOHFilter out Mg(OH) 2(s) Mg 2+ +2OH -  Mg(OH) 2(s)

13. Separating Negative Ions Remove the lowest negative ion on the chart first by adding a positive atom. 1.SeparateCl - &OH - Look for a cation that is low with OH - (lowest) and high with Cl -. i.Ba 2+ works so add Ba(NO 3 ) 2 and filter out Ba(OH) 2(s) Ba 2+ +2OH -  Ba(OH) 2(s) ii.Add Ag + as AgNO 3 and filter out AgCl (s) Ag + +Cl -  AgCl (s)

14. Separating Negative Ions 2.SeparateCl - S 2- CO 3 2- Look for a cation that is low with CO 3 2- and high with Cl - and S 2- i.Ba 2+ works so add Ba(NO 3 ) 2 and filter out BaCO 3(s) Ba 2+ +CO 3 2-  BaCO 3(s) Look for a cation that is low with S 2- and high with Cl - ii.Add Zn 2+ as Zn(NO 3 ) 2 and filter out ZnS (s) Zn 2+ +S 2-  ZnS (s) iii.Add Ag + as AgNO 3 and filter out AgCl (s) Ag + +Cl -  AgCl (s)