1. Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds
Today’s Plan
Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds
Naming Acids
#’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74

2. Type I Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions) Examples –
Li2O = lithium oxide
AlN = ???

3. Type II Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions)
Examples –
CuCl = copper (I) chloride
PbS = ???

4. Type II – Variable Charge
Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has!
For example:
FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide)
Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide)
SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride)
SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)

5. Type III Examples – Covalent compounds with only nonmetals
Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different.
Examples –
P3O5 = triphosphorus pentoxide
SO = ???

6. Prefixes! Number of atoms Prefix 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5
penta- 6
hexa-

7. Some TYPE III tips…
Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary.
If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)

8. Name NO Name 1st element: nitrogen
Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide
Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms
1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix
1 oxygen: mono-
nitrogen monoxide

9. Name BF3 Name the first element using the element name: boron
Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine)
Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms:
1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix
3 fluorine: tri-
boron trifluoride

10. Type IV Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions) Examples –
K2SO4 = potassium sulfate
(NH4)2CO3 = ???

12. Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice!
Charge practice: tml
Name/formula practice: ml
(Really tough ion/compound practice: ions.html)

13. Acid Naming (our last type!)
Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water
First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste
An acid is an anion with one or more H+ cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

14. Acid Naming Rule #1
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCl 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: chloride hydrochloric acid How do you know it’s an acid?

15. More Practice… Acid Naming Rule #1
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCN 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: cyanide hydrocyanic acid Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?

16. Remember…
Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid. They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

17. Acid Naming Rule #2
If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2SO4 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid

18. Acid Naming Rule #2
If the anion DOES contain oxygen… HNO2 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid

19. Acid Naming Rule #3
If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
perchlorate
chlorate
chlorite
hypochlorite
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClO
perchloric acid
chloric acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

20. More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3
If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…
perbromate
bromate
bromite
hypobromite
HBrO4
HBrO3
HBrO2
HBrO
perbromic acid
bromic acid
hypobromous acid
bromous acid
per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate”
hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

21. Acid Naming Summary Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4
NO Oxygen
Always:
Hydro[anion root]ic
acid
CONTAINS Oxygen
What is the key anion?
How many oxygens does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”?
(prefix)[anion root](suffix)
acid
Ex’s: HF, HS, HN
Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4
hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid
nitric acid, nitrous acid, hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid