1. 4. What are the causes of high anion gap acidosis and normal anion gap acidosis?

2. High Anion Gap Acidosis When the unmeasured anions (anionic proteins, phosphate, sulfate, organic anions) have increased relative to the measured anions

3. High Anion Gap Acidosis Four principal causes: 1)Lactic acidosis  Poor tissue perfusion  Circulatory insufficiency as in shock  Aerobic disorders 2)Ketoacidosis (diabetic, alcoholic, starvation)  Increased fatty acid metabolism with accumulation of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate

4. High Anion Gap Acidosis Four principal causes: 1)Lactic acidosis 2)Ketoacidosis (diabetic, alcoholic, starvation) 3)Ingested toxins (ethylene glycol, methanol, salicylates, etc.) 4)Acute and chronic renal failure

5. High Anion Gap Acidosis M - methanol U - uremia D - diabetic ketoacidosis P - paraldehyde, phenformin I - iron, isoniazid, inhalants L - lactic acidosis E - ethylene glycol, ethanol (alcoholic ketoacidosis) S – salicylates, solvents, starvation