1. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield The Nomological Network of Proactivity: A Meta-Analytic Investigation Katharina Tornau Nadine Kunze University of Giessen, Germany Paper symposium: New Directions in Proactive Behaviour Research

2. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 Proactivity research so far… … has received considerable interest but appears fragmented and unsystematic (Grant & Ashford, forthcoming). Numerous proactivity concepts have been introduced but mostly isolated from similar concepts and research streams. Call for more integrative research and the identification of general and common dynamics of proactivity (Grant & Ashford, forthcoming; Parker & Collins, in press).

3. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 Objectives of This Study Empirical integration of research findings by using meta- analysis technique 1.Magnitude of relationships between various proactivity concepts: Personal Initiative, Proactive Personality, Voice, and Taking Charge 2.Nomological network of proactivity concepts: Magnitude of relationships Pattern of relationships 3.Generalizability of relationships: Moderator analyses

4. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 1.Relationships between Proactivity Concepts

5. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 2. Nomological Network (1)

6. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 2. Nomological Network (2)

7. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 2. Nomological Network (3) Personal initiative and… extraversion (.36/.35); agreeableness (.12/.13); positive affect (.42/.39); job autonomy (.33/.30); job control (.28/.27); self- efficacy (.27/.23); GMA (.20/.22); innovativeness (.30/.23); org. commitment (.26/.24) Proactive Personality and… extraversion (.28/.28); agreeableness (-.01; -.01); role-breadth self-efficacy (.41/.40); learning GO (.54/.50); performance-prove GO (.35/.28); org. commitment (.23/.23) Taking Charge and… felt responsibility for change (.45/.52)

8. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 3. Generalizability of Effect Sizes Moderators of the relationships: Measurement method (questionnaire vs. interview) Source of information (self vs. peers vs. supervisors) Nature of correlations (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal) Aggregation of similar concepts: e.g., personal initiative vs. individual Initiative (OCB) vs. personal growth initiative e.g., indicators for performance: supervisory rating vs. objective performance data vs. proxies of performance (e.g., grades, number of employment interviews)

9. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 Steps to take… Identify additional studies for presented relationships Consider additional proactivity concepts (e.g., active feedback seeking) Include unpublished studies Identify and test moderators Ultimate goal: Create meta-analytic correlation matrix and test causal model of proactivity process

10. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield19.06.2008 Preliminary Conclusion Personal initiative and proactive personality seem to have attracted most research activities; but more studies needed, particularly on voice and taking charge Substantial correlations for most proactivity concepts with: Conscientiousness and self-efficacy Org. commitment and job performance Different (magnitude of) relationships for different proactivity concepts: Agreeableness: PI vs. PP, Gender: PI vs. PP vs. VOI/TC Conscientiousness: PI vs. PP vs. VOI

11. IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield For further information and for (unpublished) proactivity studies to be included in the meta- analysis: Katharina Tornau Katharina.Tornau@psychol.uni-giessen.de www.uni-giessen.biz