1. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Rainer Reuter SIG Remote Sensing of the Coastal Zone Workshop Keynote, 07 June 2007 Special Interest Group Remote Sensing of the Coastal Zone

2. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 The Oceans water hemisphere: 91% water coverage land hemisphere: 51% water coverage http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/biosphere_globes.pl

3. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org

4. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Deads due to floods in 1975-2000 Land area University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org Hazards: floods

5. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Deads due to storms in 1975-2000 Land area University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org Hazards: storms

6. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Net exports of fish Land area University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org Economy: fishing

7. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Land area University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org Climate: CO 2 CO 2 emissions in 2000

8. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Land area University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org Climate: CO 2 Decrease of CO 2 emissions between 1980 and 2000

9. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Land area University of Sheffield http://www.worldmapper.org Climate: CO 2 Increase of CO 2 emissions between 1980 and 2000

10. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 The oceans: climate induced processes 1.Increase in temperature 2.Sealevel rise 3.Currents 4.Loss of sea ice 5.Wind, hurricanes 6.Carbon dioxide storage 7.Acidification

11. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 The oceans: climate induced processes 1.Temperature 2.Sea level rise 3.Currents 4.Sea ice 5.Wind, hurricanes, floods 6.Carbon dioxide storage 7.Acidification, coral reefs

12. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 1.Temperature Sea surface temperature maps http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/sst/ 51015202530 Temperatur in °C 0

13. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ Mean lower atmosphere (land & ocean) anomaly relative to 1951-1980 T / °C year Annual mean 5-year mean 1.Temperature

14. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2001 Mean anomaly of the near-surface ocean relative to 1961-1990 T / °C year 1.Temperature

15. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Lower atmosphere vs near-surface ocean 1.Temperature annual mean 5-year mean year T / °C

16. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Hansen et al., JGR, 2001 1.Temperature Lower atmosphere temperature changes Arctic shows highest variability T /°C

17. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 1.Temperature Upper ocean temperature changes in 2001-2005 relative to 1870-1900 Hansen et al., PNAS 2006 Lower atmosphere temperature changes T /°C

18. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 1.Temperature Climate forcings of radiative imbalance from 1750 to 2000 Hansen et al., JGR, 2005 1,85 W/m 2 from measured data W/m 2

19. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Hansen et al., Science, 2005 1,0 W/m 2 0,85 W/m 2 are still „in the pipeline“ +0,7°C Atm. +0,4°C Ocean ? 1.Temperature Climate forcings in the NASA GISS climate model

20. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 1.Temperature Increase in the surface layer:+0,4°C Average in the water column: +0,04°C in 1955-1998 The excess energy remains in the near-surface layer! ·10 22 J 0-300 m 0-700 m 0-3000 m Levitus et al., GRL, 2005

21. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 1.Temperature Uptake of excess energy from 1955 to 1998 84%! ·10 22 J Levitus et al., GRL, 2005

22. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 What could happen with the sea level?

23. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 2.Sealevel rise 2080-2099 relative to 1980-1999 IPCC WG1 2007

24. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 2.Sealevel rise 2080-2099 relative to 1980-1999 due to ocean density & circulation IPCC WG1 2007 Scenario A1B

25. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Could ocean currents change?

26. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 3.Currents Near-surface waters

27. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 3.Currents The conveyour belt http://www.ciencia.cl/CienciaAlDia/volumen4/numero2/articulos/articulo6.html Broecker W S (1991) Oceanography, 4, 79-89

28. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 3.Currents Outflow from the Arctic through the Greenland Sea! UNEP/GRID-Arendal The formation of sea ice in the Arctic causes the arctic convergence in the Greenland Sea...

29. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007... if there is any sea ice!... if there is any sea ice!

30. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 4.Arctic sea ice

31. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 4.Arctic sea ice

32. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 4.Sea ice Sea ice volume until 2100: results of the model HadCM3 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/

33. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007...the greenhouse gas CO 2

34. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 5.Carbon dioxide Mauna Loa, Hawaii: http://www.mlo.noaa.gov/ Zeitserie des CO 2 in der Atmosphäre seit 1959

35. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/ CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year Carbon inventory 5.Carbon dioxide

36. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/ Standing stock 5.Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

37. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/ 6.6 Anthropogenous input to the atmosphere 5.Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

38. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/ 6.6 Accumulation in the atmosphere 3.4 5.Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

39. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/ 6.6 2 1.2 Accumulation in the biosphere 3.4 5.Carbon dioxide CO 2 reservoirs in 10 9 to Transport in 10 9 to/year

40. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 http://www.metoffice.com/research/hadleycentre/ 6.6 2 1.2 3.4 Turnover time is 10 years Turnover time is 0,06 years or 3 weeks 5.Carbon dioxide Accumulation in the biosphere

41. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Feely et al., Oceanography 14(4) 2001 5.Carbon dioxide Net ocean-atmosphere export in mol/(m 2 ·year) in 1995 Integral: -2,2(±0,4)·10 9 to

42. The Ocean and the Earth Climate Bolzano, 07 June 2007 Thank You!