1. Health Challenges Mark Walport 29 April 2009

2. Global environmental change A complex web From: Global Environmental Change and Human Health (McMichael, 2007)

3. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan). HIV Malaria Health challenges: Infectious disease

4. Emerging infectious disease From: Morens, Folkers & Fauci, Nature (2004)

5. ©2009 bio-era Bio Economic Research Associates Economic impact Emerging infectious disease

6. Brockman et al. PNAS 2004 Emerging infectious disease A connected world

7. The “One health” agenda strengthen disease surveillance, prevention, and control in animal populations from which emerging zoonotic diseases emerge integrate human and animal disease surveillance and early detection improve communication among environmental, animal, and human health professionals/agencies increase the numbers of veterinarian and microbiologist experts support integrated research programmes

8. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan). Health challenges: Extreme weather Killed by storms Killed by drought

9. Flooding, after drought, produces high abundance of (infected) mosquitoes: Rift Valley Fever outbreak Ethiopia Somalia Kenya Nairobi Mogadishu Extreme rainfall event, 2006, in Somalia/Kenya border region Courtesy of A.J. McMichael

10. Is climate change increasing the northern limit of Culicoides vectors of Bluetongue virus in Europe? Northern limit, C. imicola group: < 1998 Northern limit, C. imicola group: 2004 Northern range of virus: < 1998 Northern range of virus: 2004 Source: Purse et al, 2005 Nature Reviews Microbiology C. pulcarisC. ObselitusC. imicola Courtesy of A.J. McMichael Current northern limit Northern limit < 1998 Northern limit Southern limit

11. Health impacts of climate change mitigation Wellcome Trust, Royal College of Physicians, ESRC, NIHR, the US NIEHS and Academy of Medical Sciences consortium led by LSHTM examining the health impacts of different policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in low-, middle- and high- income countries, including policies on:  agriculture  energy generation  transport results will be announced in November to contribute to UNCCC discussions in Copenhagen

12. © Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan). Health challenges: Nutrition Nutritional deficiencies deaths Cardiovascular disease deaths

13. Population growth age profile displacement/migration war food security water stress pollution

14. What can research funders do? fund good research: catalyse collaboration: UK Collaborative on Development Sciences foster capacity building strengthening health systems ensure dissemination of new knowledge facilitate research uptake