1. Proprioception/Neuromuscular Control

2. Afferent Inputs (3 subsystems) Vision –Horizontal and vertical references

3. Afferent Inputs (3 subsystems) Vision Vestibular –Head movement –Inner ear –Balance and posture Somatosensory –Peripheral Afferent Receptors

4. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings Hair follicles Pain receptors

5. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings –Cutaneous Receptors Few respond Respond at extreme ROM

6. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings –Cutaneous Receptors –Articular (Joint) QA and SA Pacinian Corpuscle –Joint capsule –RA –sensitivity

7. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings –Cutaneous Receptors –Articular (Joint) QA and SA Pacinian Corpuscle Ruffini Endings –Capusular collagen –SA –Sensitive to…

8. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings –Cutaneous Receptors –Articular (Joint) QA and SA Pacinian Corpuscle Ruffini Endings Golgi-tendon Like Organs –Ligaments –Sensitivity

9. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings –Cutaneous Receptors –Articular (Joint) –Musculotendinous Receptors Muscle Spindles Golgi tendon organs

10. Location of Muscle Spindle

11. Somatosensory System Afferent Receptors –Free Nerve Endings –Cutaneous Receptors –Articular (Joint) –Musculotendinous Receptors Muscle Spindles Golgi tendon organs

12. Path of GTO to Spinal Cord

13. Spinal Cord Entry Dorsal Roots Synapse with interneurons

14. Spinal Cord Entry Dorsal Roots Synapse with interneurons Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex

15. Spinal Cord Entry Dorsal Roots Synapse with interneurons Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex Polysynaptic Reflex

16. Pathways to the Brain Anterolateral Pathway Dorsal Column

17. The Brain Brain Stem Cerebral Cortex Cerebellum

18. Motor Control Maintenance: How do we control motor Performance? FEEDFORWARD AND FEEDBACK Feedforward –Preactivation –Functions

19. Motor Control Maintenance: How do we control motor Performance? FEEDFORWARD AND FEEDBACK Feedback So what? The Key

20. Components of Neuromuscular Control Training Proprioception Kinesthesia Dynamic Stability Preparatory Muscle Contractions Reactive Muscle Characteristics Conscious and Unconscious Movement Patterns

21. Re-establishing Neuromuscular Control Four Basic Elements –Proprioceptiom –Dynamic Joint Stabilization –Reactive Neuromuscular Control –Functional Motor Patterns

22. Phases of Neuromuscular Control Training Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV