1. 1 Principles of Judaism Analyze the similarities and differences in Roman and Jewish law, faith, and duties of the individual.

2. Early History of the Jews 63 B.C. Rome captured Jerusalem— capital of Judea.

3. 3 1.3 Jews of ancient history were known as “Hebrews” What we know comes from the “Torah”. 3

4. Early History of the Jews Torah is the sacred text. Abraham—2000 B.C. migrated to Canaan—would become Israel.

5. Famine forced them to Egypt. In Egypt for 400 years. Moses led their way back to Canaan.

6. Judaism Hebrews/Jews were monotheists—one God. They had to uphold a covenant with God made by Abraham. The people had to remain faithful and obedient to God. Religion was Judaism.

7. Believed that god made a covenant (promise) with Abraham. To protect them and to provide them with a homeland.

8. Torah = sacred teachings History of the Israelites. Describes historical events.

9. Torah- Contains the laws that must be fulfilled in order to fulfill the covenant between God and the people. People must remain faithful and obedient to God.

10. 10 Teachings of Law and Morality The Torah: many laws-- some dealt with cleanliness. some dealt with criminal acts. 10

11. Teachings of Law and Morality Torah set out laws—from criminal acts to moral principles. People are free to make moral choices

12. Book of moral laws was the… Ten Commandments—focused on morality— Moses lawgiver focus on religious duties as well as individual conduct. God expected the people to follow these rules

13. 13 Teachings of Law and Morality The first four Commandments stressed the religious duties of the individual. Such as keeping the “Sabbath” (a holy day of rest/worship). 13

14. 14 The rest set up rules for individual conduct such as not murdering or stealing. 14

15. Similar set of laws apply to all--not just Jews: Seven Universal Laws— included prohibitions against robbery/murder also establish courts

16. 16 An Ethical Worldview Must obey God’s law. But...have freedom to make moral choices. 16

17. An Ethical Worldview Spiritual leaders enforced God’s will. Prophets like Isaiah said failure to obey any of the laws would lead to disaster.

18. also preached ethics—moral standards of behavior. Not only personal morality, but a morally just community. Called upon the rich to protect/help the poor and weak.

19. Judaism promoted equality and the rule of law. Must obey God’s law. God created man in his own image— equality—saw their leaders as human.

20. The Scattering of the Jews Diaspora = scattering of the Jews --Began with their exile to Babylonia. Some stayed others returned. Christianity begun after.