1. RELIGION AND CULTURE OF THE HAN Ms. Carmelitano

2. LEGALISM  The governmental philosophy during the Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty  Based on the idea that humans are evil and harsh punishments are needed to prevent crime and keep order in society  The head of the state commanded respect and obedience of the people  The country comes first not the individual

3. CONFUCIANISM  Founder: Confucius (King Fuzi): Born 552 BCE, died 479 BCE  Teacher  Founded Confucianism in 500 BCE  Preached ideas of political virtue and good government

4. CONFUCIANISM  Core Beliefs:  Filial Piety: The idea that people must honor and respect elders of their family  The Five Relationships (Everyone has a role to follow in society)  Subjects must obey their ruler  Wives must obey their husbands  Children must obey their parents  Younger brother must obey older brother  Friends should help one another  Superior classes must practice modesty without excess  Everyone should follow this code of politeness

5. ROLE ON GOVERNMENT  The Han Dynasty made Confucianism the official ideology of the state  Confucianism lead to the success of the empire  Wudi created 18 different ranks of civil service jobs  Government jobs that civilians attained by taking examinations to ensure they were capable for the job  The exams tested applicants knowledge of Confucianism and its teachings  Wudi set up schools to teach Confucian ideals to future bureaucrats

6. TAOISM/ DAOISM  Chinese religion stressed the importance of a harmonious earthly life and the balance between the earth and heaven  Key elements: Belief in nature’s harmony and sense of nature’s mystery  Nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life  Dao – the way of nature  Founder: Laozi/Lao-Tsu

7. YIN/YANG  The symbol of Daoism  Represents the world as being filled with complimentary forces  Action and non-action  Light and dark  Hot and cold  Male and female  Includes many deities that are worshipped  No omniscient god who created the universe  In order to keep balance, followers practiced mediation and feng shui

8. TECHNOLOGY  Paper  105 AD  Before books were written on silk  Paper made books cheaper and more readily available  This helped to spread education and expand bureaucracy  Collar harness for horses  Allowed horses to pull heavier loads than European harnesses  Plow  Plow had 2 blades and was made of iron  Wheel barrow and water mills

9. PAPER MAKING

10. COMMERCE OF THE HAN  Monopolies on mining of salt, forging of iron, minting of coins, and brewing of alcohol  Monopoly, when a group has excusive control over production and distribution of goods  The Han also had a monopoly on Silk Production  The government owned the silk mills  It was traded on the Silk Roads

11. THE SILK ROADS

12. WOMEN  Most were wives and nuns, some were scholars  Poor women worked in the fields