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Published byPeregrine Gray Modified over 9 years ago
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Adjuvants An overview of the adjuvants in use in Region 8
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Adjuvants Any material added to a pesticide mixture to modify its behavior; includes wetting agents, spreader stickers, other surfactants, penetrants, and drift control agents
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Adjuvants – some definitions Polar vs. non-polar Polar compounds are compounds which have, due to their structure, have a definite imbalance in charge – resulting in a positive and a negatively charged end - + Polar bear?
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Adjuvants – some definitions Polar vs. non-polar Non-polar compounds are compounds which have evenly distributed charge throughout their molecules
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Adjuvants – some definitions R + - PolarNon-polar
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Adjuvants – some definitions Polar vs. non-polar Polarity in a chemical aids in spreading the chemical over a polar surface or in penetrating one
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Adjuvants – some definitions Ionic vs. non-ionic In solution ionic molecules separate into positively and negatively charged subparts (ions) while non-ionic molecules do not
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Adjuvants – some definitions Ionic vs. non-ionic R + - Ions from an ionic compound Non-ionic molecule
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Adjuvants – some definitions Ionic vs. non-ionic Ions from an ionic compound can interfere with the activity of a polar or an ionic pesticide while non-ionic compounds do not
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Adjuvants
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Surfactant Any material added to a pesticide formulation which is designed to modify the surface characteristics of the target organism
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Surfactants
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Wetting Agent Any material added to a pesticide mixture which serves to make the surface “wetter” so as to allow more rapid spread of the pesticide on the target – often called a ‘spreader’ Without wetting agent With a wetting agent
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Wetting agents
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Penetrant Any material which modifies the target surface in a way which allows more rapid penetration of the surface of the organism by the pesticidal formulation
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Penetrants Mineral oil Napthenic oil Diesel oil
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Penetrants Vegetable oil Organic silicone
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Penetrants Products designed to create invert emulsions (oil in water)
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Spreader Any material added to a pesticide formulation which improves the formulations ability to rapidly form a film on the target surface – generally interchanged with “wetting agent”
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Sticker Any material added to a formulated pesticide which improves the ability of the pesticide to adhere to the target surface
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Stickers
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Drift Control Agent Materials added to a mixture to increase the size of droplets and decrease the tendency of the pesticide to drift off- target
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Drift control agents
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Materials added to a formulation which marks a treated stem so that later identification of those treated vs. not treated is simplified Dyes in either amine or ester formulations are the most common pattern indicators
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Pattern indicators
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