1. Chapter 7 Ionic Bonding

2. Bellringer Define a cation and an anion. Give one example of each.
Cations
Anions

3. Ions
Remember:
Cations – positively charged atoms that have lost electrons
Anions – negatively charged atoms that have gained electrons
Valence Electrons – electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom
Octet Rule – all atoms want to be like noble gases and have 8 electrons

4. Vocabulary Activity Valence electrons Chemical Formula Alkali Metals
Electron dot structures
Formula Unit
Alkaline Earth Metals
Coordination Number
Octet rule
Halogens
Halide ions
Metallic Bonds
Noble Gases
Cations
Alloys
Transition Metals
Anions
Ionization Energy
Ionic compounds
Electronegativity
Ionic Bonds
Atomic Radii

5. Ionic Bond Formation
Ionic Bond – form between a metal cation and nonmetal anion
To follow the octet rule, the cation gives up an electron(s) to the anion, which bonds the two ions together.
When the two ions bond, they become a neutrally charged compound.

7. Electron Dot Diagrams
Electron dot diagrams can be used to illustrate how many valence electrons an atom has.
Examples:

8. Fixed Charge Ionic Compounds Formula to Name
Steps (MgS)
The cation always comes first in the name (magnesium)
The anion comes second in the name, and the suffix “-ide” is added to the stem of the anion name (sulfide)
Final name: Magnesium sulfide

9. Fixed Charge Ionic Compounds Name to Formula
Steps (Aluminum oxide)
Write down the charge and symbol of the cation (Al3+)
Write down the charge and symbol of the anion (O2-)
Remember that ionic compounds are neutral. Use the necessary number of cations and anions to balance the charges. (2 Al and 3 O)
Final formula: Al2O3

10. Polyatomic Ion Nomenclature: Formula to Name
Rules Fe(NO3)2
Decide if the cation shows variable change. If it does, you will have to use a Roman numeral to denote the charge. (Iron (II))
Determine the name of the polyatomic ion. (Nitrate)
Final name: Iron (II) nitrate
Ca(ClO3)2
If the cation does not show variable change, you do not need a Roman numeral (calcium)
Determine the name of the polyatomic ion (chlorate).
Final name: Calcium chlorate

11. Polyatomic Ion Nomenclature: Name to Formula
Rules (copper (II) chlorate)
The first word provides the symbol of the cation (Cu).
The Roman numeral provides the charge of the cation (+2).
The second word provides the symbol of the anion (ClO3-).
Remember the charges need to balance out, so provide the correct number of ions needed to gain a neutral charge.
Final name: Cu(ClO3)2

12. Properties of Ionic Compounds
Crystalline solids at room temperature
High melting points (typically above 300°C)
High boiling points
High hardness
Soluble in water
Can conduct an electric current when dissolved or melted

13. Causes of Properties Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular Forces
Attractions between ionic compounds
Strong, but can be disturbed
Intramolecular Forces
Attractions within ionic compounds
Very strong in ionic compounds
How do these forces affect the properties of ionic compounds?