1. Ionic Charges What kind of charge do ions formed from metals have? Nonmetals? What is the difference between Cu and Cu 2+ ? Cu is the neutral atom of copper; Cu 2+ is the cation of Cu, which has lost 2 electrons What is the difference between Cu 2+ and Cu + ? Cu 2+ indicates the loss of 2 electrons; Cu + indicates the loss of one electron What does the ionic formula for hypochlorite, ClO -, indicate? that the atoms in a hypochlorite ion act as a unit with an overall charge of 1 -

2. Monatomic ions ions consisting of only one atom, the ionic charges can often be determined by using the PT Ionic Charges of Representative Elements 12345678 Li + Be 2+ N 3- O 2- F-F- Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ P 3- S 2- Cl - K+K+ Ca 2+ As 3- Se 2- Br - Rb + Sr 2+ I-I- Cs + Ba 2+

3. Cations of the transition metals have more than 1 common ionic charge Formulas and Names of Common Metal Ions with More than One Ionic Charge FormulaStock NameClassical Name Cu + Copper (I) ionCuprous ion Cu 2+ Copper (II) ionCupric ion Fe 2+ Iron (II) ionFerrous ion Fe 3+ Iron (III) ionFerric ion Hg 2 2+ Mercury (I) ionMercurous ion Hg 2+ Mercury (II) ionMercuric ion Pb 2+ Lead (II) ionPlumbous ion Pb 4+ Lead (IV) ionPlumbic ion Sn 2+ Tin (II) ionStannous ion Sn 4+ Tin (IV) ionStannic ion Cr 2+ Chromium (II) ionChromous ion Cr 3+ Chromium (III) ionChromic ion Mn 2+ Manganese (II) ionManganous ion Mn 3+ Manganese (III) ionManganic ion Co 2+ Cobalt (II) ionCobaltous ion Co 3+ Cobalt (III) ionCobaltic ion

4. Transition Metals -suffix “-ous” is used to name the cation with the lower of the two ionic charges ous, less suffix “-ic” is used to name the cation with the higher of the two charges Silver (Ag) is a transition metal that nearly always has a 1 + charge Cadmium and Zinc are transition metals that nearly always have a 2 + charge

5. What is the charge of the ion typically formed by each element? sulfur lead, 4 electrons lost strontium argon bromine copper, 1 electron lost S 2- Pb 4+ Sr 2+ no ion Br - Cu 1+

6. Name the ion and state whether it is a cation or an anion Sulfur lead, 4 electrons lost strontium Argon bromine copper, 1 electron lost sulfide ion/anion lead (IV) ion or Plumbic ion/cation strontium ion/cation no ion bromide ion/anion copper (I) ion or cuprous ion/cation

7. Polyatomic Ions tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge. Examples: Nitrate ion NO 3 - Phosphate ion PO 4 3- Sulfate ion SO 4 2- Ammonium ion NH 4 +

8. Naming “-ite” and “-ate” (less) (more) These terms refer only to the number of oxygen atoms involved. It doesn’t tell you how many, it just tells you which one has more or less “ite”“ate” SO 3 2- sulfiteSO 4 2- sulfate NO 2 - nitriteNO 3 - nitrate ClO 2 - chlorite ClO 3 - chlorate

9. Common Polyatomic Ions 1- charge2- charge3- charge FormulaNameFormulaNameFormulaName H 2 PO 4 - Dihydrogen phosphate HPO 4 2- Hydrogen phosphate PO 3 3- Phosphite C2H3O2-C2H3O2- AcetateC 2 O 4 2- OxalatePO 4 3- Phosphate HSO 3 - Hydrogen sulfiteSO 3 2- Sulfite HSO 4 - Hydrogen sulfateSO 4 2- Sulfate HCO 3 - Hydrogen carbonate CO 3 2- Carbonate NO 2 - NitriteCrO 4 2- Chromate NO 3 - NitrateCr 2 O 7 2- Dichromate1+ charge CN - CyanideSiO 3 2- SilicateFormulaName OH - HydroxideNH 4 + Ammonium MnO 4 - Permanganate ClO - Hypochlorite ClO 2 - Chlorite ClO 3 - Chlorate ClO 4 - Perchlorate

10. Ionic Charges Review Questions Write the formula for each ion ammonium ion tin (II) ion chromate nitrate ion cyanide ion iron (III) ion permanganate ion manganese (II) ion NH 4 + Sn 2+ CrO 4 2- NO 3 - CN - Fe 3+ MnO 4 - Mn 2+

11. Ionic Charges Review Questions Write the symbol for each ion. Be sure to include the charge oxide ion lead (II) ion lithium ion nitride ion cupric ion fluoride ion O 2- Pb 2+ Li + N 3- Cu 2+ F -

12. Ionic Charges Review Questions Name the following ions Ba 2+ I - Ag + Hg 2+ P 3- Sn 4+ barium ion iodide ion silver ion mercury (II) ion phosphide ion tin (IV) ion

13. Ionic Charges Review Questions Name the following ions OH - Pb 4+ SO 4 2- O 2- HPO 4 2- Cr 2 O 7 2- Al 3+ ClO 2 - hydroxide lead (IV) sulfate oxide hydrogen phosphate dichromate aluminum chlorite