1. Chemical Bonding
Leyda 2012

2. A substance formed when 2 or more elements combine chemically.
1. Define compound: 2. Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom. They travel in regions of space called
A substance formed when 2 or more elements combine chemically.
orbitals.

3. The outermost electrons of an atom.
3. What are valence electrons? Why are they important?
The outermost electrons of an atom.
The valence electrons help scientists predict what chemicals will bond with each other.

4. 4. What determines whether or not an atom will form a chemical bond?
An atom will form chemical bonds if it needs to gain or lose electrons to have a full outer orbital.

5. 5. A Bohr diagram shows the location of an atom’s electrons
5. A Bohr diagram shows the location of an atom’s electrons. Begin by putting the first two electrons in the first orbital. Then add up to 8 electrons in the second orbital. The first four electrons occupy separate spaces. The next four electrons each pair up with one of the first four. The third orbital can also hold 8 electrons.

6. 2 7 First Orbital: __ Electrons Second Orbital: __ Electrons
Third Orbital: __ Electrons 7

7. family
6. Elements in the same _________ have the same number of valence electrons 7. Atoms of elements in the __________ family have filled outermost electron orbitals and therefore do not form chemical bonds with other atoms.
noble gas

8. Chemical Bonding gain lose full outer orbital ions
8. In order to become stable, atoms will either _____ or ________ electrons. An atom will bond with another atom if the bonding gives both atoms________________________. 9. Atoms that have gain or lost electrons are called_________.
gain
lose
full outer orbital
ions
Chemical Bonding

9. Chemical Bonding positive negative lose gain
10. When atoms lose electrons, the form ions with_________ charge. When atoms gain electrons, they form ions with _________ charge. 11. Atoms on the left side of the periodic table tend to ______ electrons. Atoms on the right side of the periodic table tend to______ electrons.
positive
negative
lose
gain
Chemical Bonding

10. Chemical Bonding 1 losing +1 -1 +2 +1 -2 +/- 4 +3 -3
12. Sodium has __ valence electron(s). It tends to form ions by _______ valence electron(s). The charge on sodium ion is ____. 13. Predict the charge on ions of the following elements: Cl __ Mg__ Li__ O__ Si__ Al__ N__ Ne__ 1
losing +1 -1 +2 +1 -2
+/- 4 +3 -3
Chemical Bonding

11. Types of Bonds ionic bond protons electrons neutrons
14. A bond that involves a transfer of electrons from one atom to another is called an_________________. 15. Atoms of a given element always have the same number of___________, but can have different numbers of_________ or _________
ionic bond
protons
electrons
neutrons
Types of Bonds

12. gains loses periodic table
16. In an ionic bond, one atom ______electrons while the other__________ electrons. Thus, ionic bonds usually form between atoms from opposite sides of_______________.
loses
periodic table

13. 17. Calcium and chlorine may combine to form an ionic compound
17. Calcium and chlorine may combine to form an ionic compound. Predict how atoms of chlorine would bond with one atom of calcium.____ (Hint: what is the charge on each of the ions involved _____ _____ ) How many electrons does calcium need to gain/lose____ How many electrons does each chlorine atom need to gain/lose___ ) 2
Cl-1 Ca2+ 2 1
Types of Bonds

14. covalent bond outermost positively negatively
18. A bond that forms when electrons are shared between atoms is called a____________ ___________. The shared electrons are in the _____________ energy level of both atoms at the same time. The _____________ charged nucleus of both atoms attracts the ___________ charged electrons that are being shared.
covalent
bond
outermost
positively
negatively

16. 19. What is a diatomic element
19. What is a diatomic element? Which elements are often found in nature as diatomic?
Elements that always exist in nature as two atoms of the same element covalently bonded.
O2, H2, Cl2, N2, F2, I2
Types of bonds

17. Types of Bonds molecule chemical formula subscript
20. The combination of atoms formed by a covalent bond is called a _______________ and is represented by a ___________ ____________ which contains the symbol of each element involved in the bond. Following each symbol is a ____________, or a small number which indicates_________________________________ ______________________.
molecule
chemical formula
subscript
how many atoms of that element are in each molecule
Types of Bonds

18. 21. What is the chemical formula for a molecule that has one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms?__________ What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?( Hint: what does di- mean?) _________
CCl4
CO2
Types of Bonds

19. Sodium
Extra Practice

20. Phosphorus
Extra Practice

21. Beryllium
Extra Practice

22. M&M Activity Do Not Eat YET! Place M&M’s in the correct orbital(s).
Then identify how many valence electrons the element has.
M&M Activity

23. Nitrogen

24. Lithium

25. Magnesium

26. Chlorine

27. Sodium

28. Fluorine

29. Oxygen

30. Argon