1. Animal Farm

2. Russian Revolution How It Started o Czar Nicolas II o Absolute power o Huge social gulf between the peasants and the land owner and the elite o Peasants and workers begin rebelling against the Czar in 1905

3. Bolshevik power o Vladimar Lenin was leader o Gained control in 1917 o Had the Romanov family murdered in 1918 o Wanted Communism

4. Communism o Comes from the root word of “community” o Equal distribution of wealth and possessions among Russia’s citizens

5. Lenin o Marxist revolutionist o Led Bolsheviks o Used the Red Guard to stop others from taking over Russia, then used it to take over Russia himself o Led a campaign of “Red Terror”in 1918 - a systematic plot to execute opponents of communism

6. Lenin o Created a New Economic Policy o Allowed for limited private ownership of land and business o Called it ‘breathing space” for Communism to prevail

7. Lenin oMoved capital to Moscow oRenamed Russia to Soviet Union in 1922 o Named his party the Communist party in 1917 o “October Revolution” killed many to gain control and instate Communism

8. Lenin o Named Joseph Stalin -Secretary General o Powerful position in Communist party o Ability to make appointments to other positions of power o Ability to gain important allies

9. Lenin o 1922- Lenin suffers paralyzing strokes o Removed from leadership position o 1924- Lenin dies o Stalin and Trotsky struggle for power

10. Stalin wins! o Stalin out-maneuvers Trotsky and gains control o Stalin starts to isolate Trotsky within the party because he is a threat

11. Leon Trotsky o Gifted speaker and writer o Political genius o Tried to end Russian involvement in WWII o Great thoughts and plans but had trouble actually installing them o Was not liked by Lenin

12. Joseph Stalin o 1924- Assumes full control after Lenin dies o Ruled as absolute dictator throughout WWII and until his death in 1953

13. Stalin’s Repression & Terror o Terrorized country with widespread arrests and executions o Anyone thought to be opposed to Stalin and Communism was executed on the spot

14. “Reign of Terror” o1934 “great purges” and “show trials” oSent millions to Soviet labor camps o2-7 million innocent citizens are murdered oForced confessions oPublic accusations

15. “Reign of Terror” o Employed KGB to repress any opposition o Used publications to report statistics inaccurately in his favor

16. Stalin o 1928 First “Five Year Plan” o Attempt to make Russia a modern industrial state o “Comrades” need to work harder so Soviet Russia can be a beacon of hope to workers everywhere

17. Stalin in Power o 1933 Second “Five Year Plan”- emphasized rapid growth of Soviet Industry o This worked fairly well, by the end Soviet Russia was a formidable world power

18. Secret Agreement o “German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact”: secret agreement between Stalin and Hitler o Neither country would attack each other

19. Liar! o Hitler lied! o 1941- “Operation Barbarossa” o Germany fully attacks Russia!

20. Symbolism o Russian Revolution o Stalin o Communism  Animal Farm  Napoleon  “Animalism”

21. Allegory Underlying meaning and surface meaning o Grand in scope

22. Fable A short story that has a moral and has animals as characters

23. Satire A story that makes fun of something

24. George Orwell Real name: Eric Blair o Disapproved of Communism o A socialist

25. George Orwell oCommunism was not pure socialism because: o Gulf in society o Control of the peasants o Hypocritical

26. George Orwell/author o Used his writings to communicate a political message o Wrote 1984 o Big Brother rules a society o Everyone is watched 24 hours a day