1. Ch. 7: Cellular Respiration
Getting Energy from food

2. Cellular Respiration:
making usable energy in the form of ________, from organic compounds like _________.
ATP
glucose

3. 2 Types of Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic Respiration:
Requires ___________
Occurs in the ___________
Get the maximum amount of energy from glucose- 36 ATP
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20
oxygen
mitochondria

4. 2. Anaerobic Respiration
oxygen
Does NOT use __________
Occurs in the ___________
Get only a small amount of energy out of glucose 2 ATP
Generally occurs in bacteria and yeast cells.
cytoplasm

5. Glycolysis:
means “to break ________”.
It’s the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
It does not use oxygen.
Occurs in the cytoplasm.
glucose

6. Add energy from _____to a glucose molecule.
The _________ splits into 2 3-carbon molecules (PGAL)
ATP
glucose

7. NAD+ gains electrons to become NADH.
Four phosphates are taken from the 3-carbon molecule to make ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

8. Glycolysis Summary
Starts with: glucose
Ends with: pyruvic acid, NADH, ATP
Net ATP production: 2 ATP

9. Lactic Acid Fermentation:
After glycolysis, the NADH transfers an electron to the ______ ____, regenerating the NAD+ and creating _____ ____.
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid

11. Examples of lactic acid fermentation:
Dairy production:
Microorganisms that use lactic acid fermentation eat the sugar in milk. The lactic acid ferments the milk to make cheese, yogurt, etc.

12. Muscles:
When your muscle cells run out of oxygen, they can switch to lactic acid fermentation to make some ATP. But the lactic acid builds up in muscles, causing them to cramp.

13. Alcoholic Fermentation:
After glycolysis, the pyruvic acid loses a carbon to make ____. The electron from NADH is then transferred to the remaining 2-carbon molecule, which makes it ____________.
CO2
ethyl alcohol

15. Examples of alcoholic fermentation:
Wine and beer industry:
Yeast cells eat sugars and make the waste product ethyl alcohol, which is the alcohol in wine and beer.

16. Bread making:
Yeast make bread rise because they produce CO2. The alcohol evaporates during baking.

17. Fermentation Summary Occurs in cytoplasm
Summary: “empty” the NADH so we can repeat glycolysis with the next glucose
2Pyruvate  CO2 and Ethanol (yeast) or
- 2Pyruvate  Lactic Acid (bacteria and muscle cells)
NO MORE ATP CHARGED!

18. ATP Tallies: Anaerobic: - Glycolysis: used 2, made 4
- Fermentation: used 0, made 0
Total: +2 per glucose

19. Review questions What is the high energy molecule made in respiration?
If oxygen is NOT used to break down glucose, what type of respiration is that?
What causes your muscles to cramp?

20. Aerobic Respiration
Using O2

21. Mitochondria

22. Continued from glycolysis: Pyruvic Acid moves to the _________a
Aerobic Respiration
Continued from glycolysis:
Pyruvic Acid moves to the _________a
Mitochondri

23. Pyruvic acid reacts with coenzyme A and makes ___, _____, and becomes acetyl CoA
NADH

24. Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA continues to Krebs Cycle where carbon dioxide, ATP, and, FADH2, NADH are made.

25. Summary of Kreb’s Cycle
Starts with: pyruvic acid, CoA
Reaction:
2Pyruvate  2Acetyl-CoA + CO2
2Acetyl-CoA  4CO2
Ends with: CO2 , 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2,

26. Krebs
Can bacteria do Krebs??

27. Electron Transport Chain
NADH and FADH­2 give up _________ to the ETC.
Electrons are passed down the ETC and give off __________.
Energy is used to pump _______ out of mitochondrial matrix.
electrons
energy
H+ ions

28. H+ ions diffuse back into the matrix through the _____________.
This produces a lot of ATP.
_______ is the final electron acceptor. Electrons and H+ ions combine with O2 to make water.
ATP synthase
Oxygen

29. Electron Transport Chain
Summary: Gather up ALL the electron carriers and “empty” them to “charge” lots of ATP
Reaction:
O2 H2O
Energy molecules USED: 10 NADH (from krebs and glycolysis) + 2 FADH (from krebs)
Energy molecules MADE: 32 ATP

30. Summary
Starts with: NADH, FADH2
Ends with: ATP, water

31. ATP Tallies: Aerobic: - Glycolysis: used 2, made 4
- Krebs: used 0, made 2
- ETC: used 0, made 32
Total: +36 ATP per glucose

32. 2 36 Energy Summary Table Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
(Glycolysis)
Aerobic Respiration
(Krebs cycle and ETC)
# of ATP made from one sugar 2 36

33. Overall Energy Summary for Aerobic Respiration
Reactants (used up/broken down) Products (created/built up)
Glucose + 2ATP  2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH
2 Pyruvate  2CO2 + 2Acetyl-CoA + 2NADH
2Acetyl-CoA  NADH + 2FADH2 + 2ATP+ 4CO2
10NADH + 2FADH2 + 6O  32ATP + 4CO2 + 6H2O
What’s Left? 
Final Reaction for Aerobic Respiration

34. Overall reaction
C6H12O6
+ 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
ATP