1. Pregnancy and Childbirth All images are from Google Images Video clips from You Tube

2. Preconception Health  Annual Gynecologist Visits  Nutrition/Exercise - ↑ caloric intake by ___  STI Prevention/Treatment  Drug/Alcohol Abuse/Use ______________________– small head, wide spaced eyes, heart problems, etc. ______________________– small head, wide spaced eyes, heart problems, etc.  _________- ↑ intake to help avoid Spina Bifida Ovulation Ovulation Ovulation

3. Implantation  Sperm reach egg within ___________  Fertilization usually occurs ______________  24-30 hours after fertilization genetic material is joined, forming _______  36 hours – 2 cells  48 hours – 4 cells  4 days – ___________  7-8 days after fertilization, the blastocyst can attach to the endometrium  Fetus at ________

5. Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy  Amenorrhea- _____________________  Change in Breast Tissue _______________________ _______________________  Increased __________ of Urination  Fatigue  Caloric intake increases…..why?

6. Where Does the Extra Weight Go During Pregnancy?  Baby: 8 pounds  Placenta: 2-3 pounds  Amniotic fluid: 2-3 pounds  Breast tissue: 2-3 pounds  Blood supply: 4 pounds  Fat storage for delivery and breastfeeding: 5-9 pounds  Uterus increase: 2-5 pounds  Total ______________

7.  448 grams in a pound (2000 g = 5 pounds,6000 g = 13 pounds 12000 g = 27 pounds)

8. Signs & Symptoms Continued  Moodiness  Quickening – ____________________  Braxton-Hicks Contractions – ___ ______________  Acid Reflux – ______________________  Appetite/cravings

9. Doctor’s Observations  Change in Reproductive Organs _______________________ _______________________  Fetal Heart Beat Fetal monitor Fetal monitorFetal monitor ____________________ ____________________  Fetal Movements  Fetal Outline  Gender Determination It's a boy It's a boyIt's a boy

11. Laboratory Tests  Urine or Blood Testing  Home Pregnancy Tests Doctor will confirm  What do they test for? ___________________________ ___________________________  When is the baby due?

13. Prenatal Care  A woman should see her doctor after the second missed period __________– pregnancy, sugar, & protein __________– pregnancy, sugar, & protein Blood Test – pregnancy, RH factor, ________ Blood Test – pregnancy, RH factor, __________________________________  Nutrition  ______ using any hormonal contraceptive methods  Avoid alcohol – _____, cigarettes, drugs

14. Common Disorders  ________ _______ _______  Leg Cramp  Varicose Veins  ___________ _______  Flatulence  ______________  Palpitations  Fainting  Drug and Food Sensitivity  ____________  Hemorrhoids

15. Danger Signals During Pregnancy  Vaginal bleeding  Manifestations of toxemia ____________ – protein in urine, high BP, swelling in hands/feet that doesn’t clear ____________ – protein in urine, high BP, swelling in hands/feet that doesn’t clear Eclampsia – next stage – ____________ Eclampsia – next stage – ___________________________________________  Labor contractions  Amniotic Sac breaking  Lower fetal kick count – _____________

16. Complications  __________ - Before 25 wks  Premature Birth - ___________________  ________________– Fertilized egg in FT  Placenta Previa – Placenta too low  Premature Placenta Separation – placenta ___________________from uterus  Placenta Abruption – _______________ ______________

17. Amniotic Sac  Also known as ___________  At delivery the sac contains 1-2 quarts of fluid Helps _________________________ Helps _________________________ Cushions fetus Cushions fetus Provides a medium Provides a medium At ________fetal respiration occurs At ________fetal respiration occurs What is this? – __________What is this? – __________ Amniocentesis – 15-17 wks, taken to check for any _______________ Amniocentesis – 15-17 wks, taken to check for any _______________

18. Amniocentesis Chorionic Villi Sampling

19. Placenta  Organ that transports nutrition and oxygen from mother to fetus and transports waste products from fetus to mother _______ – Food substances to fetus, stores nutrients _______ – Food substances to fetus, stores nutrients Respiration – Brings ___, takes away _____ Respiration – Brings ___, takes away _____ ______ – Filters out ________ (not viruses) ______ – Filters out ________ (not viruses) Hormones – _______, progesterone, gonadotropin (maintain pregnancy) Hormones – _______, progesterone, gonadotropin (maintain pregnancy) _____ – keeps mother’s and _________ blood separate (blood does not mix) _____ – keeps mother’s and _________ blood separate (blood does not mix)

20. Umbilical Cord  Connects the Fetus and ________  Develops at ________  Long semitransparent “rope” containing one vein and two arteries  Surrounded by jelly-like substance to protect it  What passes through? Viruses, medications/drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hormones, etc. Viruses, medications/drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hormones, etc.

22. 1 st Trimester  Weeks 1-12  Zygote – __________  __________ – multi-celled at 4 days, implanted within 8 days  Embryo – ___________________  At the end of 2 nd month-1.2 inches long, the head represents half of the embryo’s bulk and ____________(eyes, ears, nose, lips, tongue) are present  The third month – It is now a _____, is about 3 inches, and has nails and genitals can be seen.

23. End of the 1 st Trimester 3D US 1 st Trimester End of the 1 st Trimester Weeks 1-9

24. 2 nd Trimester  Beginning of the 4 th month  ______ month is the time for the ________ amount of fetal growth  Quickening begins What is this? What is this?  End of the 5 th month – _____ Head hair and ________________ Head hair and ________________  The fetus sleeps, wakes, and has preferred body positions  In the 6 th month the body is covered with ____ ____, the eyes become ___________, and it can hear uterine sounds. ____, the eyes become ___________, and it can hear uterine sounds.

25. 14 weeks23 weeks 16 weeks WEEKS 15-20

26. 3 rd Trimester  The baby begins to position itself for _____  The fetus is much more baby like  By the end of the 7 th month the baby can survive _______________  At the end of the 8 th month the fetus is over __ ____, skin redness, and wrinkles lessen. ____, skin redness, and wrinkles lessen.  The _____ reach the end of fingers and toes.  Between week 38-40 the head is _________ _____and the fine hair has almost disappeared being replaced by vernix (waxy substance) _____and the fine hair has almost disappeared being replaced by vernix (waxy substance)

27. 32 Weeks Video weeks 28-37

29. Different Types of Birth  _________ – used in case baby gets stuck  Caesarean – can be ________ or planned, reasons?  _______ – Baby’s _____________1 st  Multiple Births ________ – 1 egg, 1 sperm, separate ___ ________ – 1 egg, 1 sperm, separate ___ Fraternal – 2 __________________and AS Fraternal – 2 __________________and AS Identical/Fraternal – 1 egg, 2 sperm Identical/Fraternal – 1 egg, 2 sperm  _____________– start contractions or break water

30. Normal and Breech Presentation of Baby

31. Labor  Begins due to hormonal changes  Early signs _________ – uterus drops ↓, ______ before delivery _________ – uterus drops ↓, ______ before delivery ______ levels off or ↓ in last 2 wks ______ levels off or ↓ in last 2 wks Nesting – “setting up the house” Nesting – “setting up the house”  Actual signs AS breaking ______________ AS breaking ______________ The appearance of “show” The appearance of “show” Contractions ↑ in _________________ Contractions ↑ in _________________

32. Stage One  Dilation of Cervix _________of cervix occurs due to the uterine contractions _________of cervix occurs due to the uterine contractions Starts with Starts with the first the first contractions contractions Ends when the Ends when the cervix is _____ cervix is _____

33. Stage 2  Actual Delivery of baby Crowning Crowning __________ – can be done to enlarge vaginal opening __________ – can be done to enlarge vaginal opening

34. Stage 3  Delivery of afterbirth  VIDEO VIDEO

35. Apgar Test Apgar Test  ______________ after birth  The baby is tested on the following and given a score. 10 is the highest, 7 is determined to be healthy ___________ ___________ Respiration Respiration Muscle tone Muscle tone ______________ ______________ Color Color