1. Muscular System Medical Terminology

2. Anatomy of Muscle Types: –Skeletal (striated; voluntary) –Smooth (non-striated; involuntary) –Cardiac Attachments: Tendons –Aponeurosis Fascia –Connective tissue that covers and separates muscle

3. Physiology of Muscle Primary Functions – Make body movement possible. (see next slide) – Hold body erect. (posture = proprioception) – –Move body fluids ---- smooth muscle – –Produce body heat.

4. Movement Physiology of Muscle Kinesiology (kinesis = movement) Bradykinesia = slow movement –ROM = range of motion Antagonistic pairs –Abduction ----- adduction –Flexion ---------- extension –Rotation --------circumduction –Supination ----- pronation –Dorsiflexion --- plantar flexion

5. Importantcombining forms for muscle Important combining forms for muscle Muscle –my/o, myos/o Fascia --- covers, supports, & separates muscle –fasci/o Tendon --- connects muscle to bone –tendin/o –Aponeurosis = flat tendon

6. Major Muscles of the Body Masseter Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Biceps Triceps Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis Rectus abdominis Gluteus Hamstrings Quadriceps femoris Sartorius Vastus lateralis Gastrocnemius

7. Pathology of the Muscular System Myomalacia ---------------- abnormal softening of muscle Myorrhexis ----------------- rupture of muscle Ataxia -------------- uncoordinated voluntary muscle movement –Tax = coordination Dystaxia --------------------- dys = bad Spasm ------------------------ “cramp” Myoclonus ------------------ clon = violent action Torticollis ------------------- stiff neck Kinesia ----------------------- movement –Dyskinesia –Hyper/ hypo– kinesia –Bradykinesia ------------------- brady = slow

8. Myasthenia -------------- -asthenia = weakness Myolysis ----------------- -lysis = destruction of Myocele ------------------ -cele = hernia Hemiparesis ------------- paresis = weakness Paraplegia ---------------- plegia = paralysis Quadriplegia Hemiplegia Hiccups = spasm of diaphragm ; also called “singultus” Contracture = shortening of muscle & resistant to stretching