1. The Old Man and the Sea The Code Hero

2. Definition In the face of Qualities Hardships  Endurance  Danger  Honor (pride)  Misfortune  Strength  Pain  courage  Life of stress In the face of

3. Examples of Courage in a life of hardship in a life of hardship –lonely: wife is dead, but he keeps on living  he is not afraid to be alone –takes his small skiff miles from shore by himself

4. Examples of Honor in the face of misfortune in the face of misfortune –when he and Manolin discuss the imaginary meal, he always refuses charity  he says he has yellow rice and fish because of his honor –mandolin wanted to give 4 fresh sardines, but Santiago could accept only 2

5. Examples of Endurance In the face of pain In the face of pain –The rope cut Santiago’s right hand in the crease of his hand –The line cut Santiago’s face –The line cut Santiago’s left hand when the fish made a run

6. Examples of Endurance In the face of pain In the face of pain –The pull of the line made Santiago’s back stiff –Holding the line constantly caused his left hand to cramp

7. Endurance In the face of pain In the face of pain –Santiago endures this ‘suffering’ without giving in –The fish pulls for 2 ½ days, yet Santiago stays with him

8. Honor In a life full of stress In a life full of stress –Santiago’s pride keeps him from giving up on the fish –Santiago attributes the fish’s fight to pride –The fish is more ‘honorable’ than other people

9. Strength In a life of stress In a life of stress –The arm wrestling match –The blood from the fingernails –Santiago’s ‘steady’ pushing down of his opponents arm

10. Strength In a the face of danger In a the face of danger –As Santiago pulls in the line –The fish could easily cut the line –The fish jumps, but Santiago’s strength never weakens

11. Strength In a life of stress In a life of stress –Santiago physically seemed defeated when the marlin circled –Santiago ‘moved’ the fish with each pull –Santiago pushed the harpoon into the marlin’s heart ‘with all his remaining strength’

12. Courage In the face of misfortune and life of stress In the face of misfortune and life of stress –The mako shark: Santiago fought managed to push the harpoon into the sharks head as it came up to bite chunks from the marlin –Santiago lashed his knife to an oar and used it on the shovel-noses after he lost his harpoon –Santiago used an oar as a club when his knife broke

13. Honor In a life of stress In a life of stress –Santiago’s pride shows when he walks up the hill –Just like always, Santiago went into his hut and dreamt of the lions—a major symbol of pride in this novel –The other fishermen commented on how great a fish it was, and transfer that respect to Santiago

14. Themes: Nature Santiago’s journey shows how harsh and unforgiving the natural world can be Santiago’s journey shows how harsh and unforgiving the natural world can be Antagonists: Antagonists: –Jellyfish –Storms (from hurricane weather) –The sun –The marlin (the ultimate struggle in the novel)

15. Nature Santiago succeeds in the struggle against the marlin, but Nature doesn’t give up Santiago succeeds in the struggle against the marlin, but Nature doesn’t give up Sharks continually attack the marlin after Santiago ‘won’ the battle Sharks continually attack the marlin after Santiago ‘won’ the battle Nature continues to battle against Santiago Nature continues to battle against Santiago Ultimately, Santiago loses his battle with nature—he returns to shore with just the skeleton of the fish Ultimately, Santiago loses his battle with nature—he returns to shore with just the skeleton of the fish

16. Old Age: Loneliness The man must fish alone throughout the novel The man must fish alone throughout the novel Many times he wishes for the boy Many times he wishes for the boy He can count only on the natural world to provide companionship He can count only on the natural world to provide companionship

17. Old Age: Weakness The old man struggles with his declining weakness throughout the novel The old man struggles with his declining weakness throughout the novel His first pulls on the rope do nothing to move the fish His first pulls on the rope do nothing to move the fish When the fish circles, still it takes hours to haul in the massive bulk When the fish circles, still it takes hours to haul in the massive bulk

18. Old Age: Weakness Santiago’s strength is evident in his younger days (the hand game) Santiago’s strength is evident in his younger days (the hand game) That same strength is not entirely gone That same strength is not entirely gone His remaining strength is primarily what keeps him independent in his old age His remaining strength is primarily what keeps him independent in his old age

19. Pride Santiago’s pride is restored at the end of the novel Santiago’s pride is restored at the end of the novel Santiago remained proud despite the destruction of the fish by the sharks Santiago remained proud despite the destruction of the fish by the sharks Santiago refused to look at the fish after it had been mutilated—he preferred to remember the fish in all its glory Santiago refused to look at the fish after it had been mutilated—he preferred to remember the fish in all its glory

20. Symbols The marlin: represents Santiago The marlin: represents Santiago –Santiago refers to the fish repeatedly as his brother or friend –The fish has ‘great dignity’ –No one is ‘worthy’ of eating the fish –Santiago realizes this is the greatest fish he has ever caught The marlin contains all the traits of the code hero The marlin contains all the traits of the code hero

21. Symbols Santiago: represents everyone who chooses to live independently Santiago: represents everyone who chooses to live independently –The characteristics of the code hero separate the old man from the other fishermen –Contrast Santiago with the old man Manolin has to fish with Santiago does not have bad eyes Santiago does not have bad eyes Santiago is kind Santiago is kind Santiago is trusting Santiago is trusting Santiago wishes for help, but does not really need it Santiago wishes for help, but does not really need it

22. Symbols The bloody hands The bloody hands –Represent suffering –Every hero must endure suffering without complaint

23. Symbols The sail and mast The sail and mast –Upside down, they are the burden Santiago must carry everyday of his life –The code hero shoulders his ‘cross’ without complaint –Notice how Santiago even stumbles on the hill leading up to his hut