1. The Cardiovascular System During Exercise Please copy down the date, title and learning outcome and complete the starter Learning Objectives: Exploring the long-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system Learning Outcome: A*/A students will be able to explain the long-term effects of exercise upon the cardiovascular system. Reference will be made to lactic acid, different kinds of respiration, the respiratory system and how efficiency improves as a result of regular exercise. B/students will be able to identify and begin to explain the long-term effects of exercise upon the CV system. They will be aware of lactic acid, cardiac output and stroke volume. C/students will be able to list the long-term effects of exercise on the body and give broad reasoning why these happen. Starter: When have you ever experienced cramp or ‘stitch’? Why do you think this happened?

2. 1.2.2: A healthy, active lifestyle and your cardiovascular system

3. REVIEW of the immediate effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system 1. Adrenaline released 2. Heart rate increases and contracts more strongly 3. Breathing becomes faster and deeper 4. Body temperature increases 5. Blood pressure rises 6. Sweating starts and the body requires replacement fluids

4. Lactic Acid Lactic acid is a poison that builds up slowly during exercise up to 75% of maximum work rate, but, during higher intensity work, it builds up in the muscles much more quickly. It can be a result of poor training or depletion of glycogen stores in the muscles – i.e. during extra time of a hard football match played in muddy conditions (ask Miss Blandford or Mr Twohig!) or in a marathon (as Mr Shaw about that one…). After a while lactic acid will make the muscles ache. It will cause cramp! The body therefore has to rest until the blood delivers fresh supplies of oxygen! ‘Stitch’ is also the build up of lactic acid, brought about by eating or drinking a too much too quickly before performing.

5. Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Producing energy with oxygen is called Aerobic respiration Producing energy without oxygen is called Anaerobic respiration

6. What could be the long-term effects of regular exercise upon the CV system? Think – pair – share HOT – consider the effects exercise has upon the respiratory system… Consider efficiency

7. Long-term effects of regular exercise upon the CV system Regular or long term participation in physical activity has many benefits, the most important of which is that the heart becomes more efficient. The benefits of regular exercise are: 1. Size and volume of the heart increases 2. Lower resting heart rate 3. Lower blood pressure 4. Good recovery rate (returning to resting heart rate quicker) 5. Increased stroke volume (the heart pumps more blood per beat) 6. Veins & Arteries become healthier reducing the risk of coronary heart disease 7. More capillaries in muscles (more areas to exchange oxygen)

8. Analyse the graph above and write down as many points as possible that explain the shape of the 2 lines. 1 is a fit person, the other is not. The graph shows their heart rates through a period of exercise

9. This graph shows the difference between the heart rate of a fit person who exercises regularly and someone who does not exercise. You can see the following: The fit person has a lower resting heart rate, before they begin to exercise The fit persons heart rate rises more slowly The maximum heart rate reached by the fit person is a lot lower than the unfit person The fit persons heart rate drops quicker when they finish exercise The heart rate of the fit person returns to their resting heart rate in a quicker time

10. Key words Cardio output: the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute Cardiac output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) x HR Stroke volume: the volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction Why are there pictures of two different pumps here?! Think and link…

11. The best GCSE PE clip found by Mr Shaw…ever Note the links to respiratory and muscular systems Recall the reasons why there is an increase in HR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AXQnM-jai0 Don’t just watch… think and link!

12. Meet Mike… Mike is a ‘retired’ runner. He has decided to take on a new sport called ‘couch surfing’. He doesn’t seem to realise how this lifestyle change will affect him or his heart! A*/A As Mike’s GP, following a health check, write a medical report to him explaining the long-term benefits of exercise upon his cardiovascular system. Make reference to all of the benefits listed, cardiac output, stoke volume and link to the respiratory system. B Write a text message to Mike explaining why he should get back into shape. Explain to him how there are long term benefits of exercising which positively impact the CV system. C Create a mind map around the long-term effects of exercise upon the CV system. Explain lactic acid also.

13. The Cardiovascular System During Exercise Please copy down the date, title and learning outcome and complete the starter Were you able to achieve the target you set for yourself? Learning Outcome: A*/A I am now able to explain in detail the short, immediate and long- term effects of exercise upon the cardiovascular system. I can make reference to the respiratory system and how efficiency improves as a result of regular exercise. BI am now able to identify and begin to explain the short, immediate and long-term effects of exercise upon the CV system. CI am now able to list the short, immediate and long term effects of exercise on the body and give broad reasoning why these happen