1. Latin Idioms (Pages 221 – 222) Idiom = ( from a Greek word meaning one’s own, peculiar) An idiom is an expression peculiar to a language. Every language has its own idioms. Good-by, which is a contraction of God be with you, is one of many idioms in English. Important idioms in Latin must be memorized. It is not always desirable to reproduce in English the exact translation of the idiom. The translation should represent the thought of the original rather than the grammatical construction.

2. Latin IdiomExact TranslationIdiomatic Translation bellum gerereto carry warto wage war castra movereto move campto break camp castra ponereto place campto pitch camp consilium capereto take a planto adopt a plan gratias agereto drive favorsto thank gratiam habereto have a favorto feel grateful in fugam dareto give into flightto put to flight in fugam se dareto give oneself into flightto flee in matrimonium ducere to lead into marriageto marry inter se dareto give among themselvesto exchange iter dareto give a route (journey)to give right of way iter facereto make a (route) journeyto march memoria tenereto hold by memoryto remember orationem habereto have a speechto make a speech poenam dareto give the penaltyto suffer punishment proelium committereto commit battleto begin battle verba facereto make wordsto make a speech viam munireto fortify a roadto build a road

3. Verbs with Two Accusatives (Page 221) In Latin, as well as in English, some transitive verbs take a second accusative in addition to their direct object. This second accusative is either a predicate accusative or a secondary object. 1. Verbs of naming, choosing, appointing, making, showing, considering, and the like in the active voice may take two accusatives denoting the same person or thing. The second accusative may be an adjective. This use is known as the predicate accusative. Ciceronem consulem creaverunt. They elected Cicero consul. Ciceronem clarum habent. They consider Cicero famous.

4. 2. Some verbs of asking and teaching may take two accusatives, one of the person (direct object) and the other of the thing (secondary object). Regem auxilium rogavit. He asked the king for help. Regem multa docuit. He taught the king many things. 3. Verbs compounded with circum and trans may take two accusatives, one depending on the verb, the other on the preposition. Flumen impedimenta transportaverunt They carried the baggage across the river.