1. Stage 12 Notes

2. The different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect
The endings of verbs will tell you what tense and what person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) they are in.
Sing Plural
1st Person I We
2nd Person You You all (yall)
3rd Person He/she/it They

3. When you look up a verb in the dictionary it will look like this:
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus - to work
1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect, 4th principle part
Cut off -re to get stem
to attach to present
and
imperfect endings
Cut off -i to
get stem
to attach
to perfect endings

4. The present tense is translated as (blank) s, is (blank) ing, does (blank).
To form the present tense, look at the first two principle parts of your dictionary entry:
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
First plug laboro into the first person singular.

5. Then figure out the stem of the verb by cutting off the -re from the 2nd form.
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus
What is the stem?
labora is what you will attach the person indicators (o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt).
labora-

6. To form the present tense, take your present stem and attach the person indicators. N.B. The ‘a’ is dropped in 1st singular.
singular plural
1st person - laborO laborAmus
2nd person -laborAs laborAtis
3rd person - laborAt laborAnt

7. Conjugate and translate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -

8. Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense- singular
1st person - festinO- I hurry, I am hurrying, I do hurry
2nd person -festinAs - You hurry, You are hurrying, you do hurry
3rd person –festinAt- He/she/it hurries, is hurrying, does hurry

9. Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
plural
1st person - festinAmus- We hurry, We are hurrying, We do hurry
2nd person –festinAtis- You all hurry, You all are hurrying, You all do hurry
3rd person –festinAnt- They hurry, They are hurrying, They do hurry

10. The imperfect tense is translated as was/were ing
To form the imperfect tense, take your stem from the infinitive and attach the letters -BA.
Then stick present tense mickey mouse endings on the end!
The only change it that the first person singular will end in a -m instead of o.

11. 1st person- spectabam spectabamus 2nd person- spectabas spectabatis
Let us conjugate specto, spectare, spectavi into the imperfect tense.
What tense indicator do we attach to the verb stem?
What person indicators do we attach to the tense indicator?
specta-
singular plural
1st person- spectabam spectabamus
2nd person- spectabas spectabatis
3rd person- spectabat spectabant

12. Conjuate and translate dico, dicere, dixi: to say/ speak, into the imperfect tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -

13. dico, dicere, dixi, imperfect tense-
singular 1st dicebam: I was saying 2nd dicebas: You were saying 3rd dicebat: He,she, it was saying

14. dico, dicere, dixi, imperfect tense-
plural
1st dicebamus: we were saying
2nd dicebatis: yall were saying
3rd dicebant: they were saying

15. laborav- The perfect tense is translated as (blank) ed.
To form the perfect tense, take the third principle part and cut off the letter - i .
Then attach the perfect endings (i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt).
What is the perfect stem of laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus?
laborav-

16. Lets use the perfect stem and conjugate fero, ferre, tuli
singular plural
1st person- tuli tulimus
2nd person- tulisti tulistis
3rd person- tulit tulerunt

17. Conjugate and translate do, dare, dedi: to give into the perfect tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -

18. do, dare, dedi perfect tense-
singular
1st person- dedi: I gave
2nd person- dedisti : You gave
3rd person- dedit: He/she/it gave

19. do, dare, dedi perfect tense-
plural
1st person- dedimus: We gave
2nd person- dedistis: You all gave
3rd person- dederunt: They gave

20. The verb sum, esse, fui : to be is the most common verb you will see in Latin
singular plural
1st person - sum- I am sumus- We are
2nd person - es- You are estis- You all are
3rd person - est- He, she, it is sunt- They are

21. The verb sum, esse, fui: to be looks like this in the imperfect tense:
singular plural
1st person - eram- I was eramus- we were
2nd person - eras- you were eratis- you all were
3rd person - erat- he, she it was erant- they were