1. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Bio Ethics Timeline and Controversies

2. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 What is Bio-Ethics? The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research Examples?

3. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Why Bioethics?

4. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Current Bioethical Issues  Check the local news paper  Stem cells (state, national, international)  Genetically Engineered Organisms  Knowing your genes  In vetro fertilization – choosing your child's genes and characteristics  Chemicals exposures – human health  Environmental health

5. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 “The Commons” The Tragedy of the Commons By Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968

6. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 "Biology combined with diverse humanistic knowledge forging a science that sets a system of medical and environmental priorities for acceptable survival.“ Global Bioethics (1988) Bioethics -------- 1911 - 2001 -------- Van Rensselaer Potter

7. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 1860’s - Scientific method in medicine, Gregor Mendel 1928 - Penicillin discovered – widely used WWII 1920’s - Lead in gasoline, lead in paint 1931 - 30 states had sterilization laws on books 1932 - Tuskegee syphilis study initiated 1947 - Nuremberg - The Doctors Trial 1952 - First open heart surgery & Chlorpromazine 1953 - Structure of DNA – Watson & Crick 60’s - Thalidomide, mercury, chronic hemodialysis, amniocentesis, informed consent, IRB’s 70’s - Hastings Center founded, bioethics defined, Tuskegee noticed Ethics and Science

8. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 1973 – Roe V. Wade Unrestricted access to abortion 1978- First Test Tube ever born 80’s - Recombinant microorganism could be patented, lead is harmful to developing brain 90’s - molecular biology, sequencing of human genome (other species), Jurassic Park 1996- Dolly the sheep is the first Mammal ever cloned 00’s - US stem cell research restricted 2003- Human Genome project complete ? - Human cloned? Ethics and Science

9. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Human Clones? Are there human clones? Yes – Identical Twins (Time 2.19.01)

10. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Cloning Defined What is cloning? Asexual reproduction Examples? Bacteria, fungus Plants – cutting – potato Farm animals

11. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Cloning Dolly 1997 - 2003 (Roslin Institute http://www.roslin.ac.uk/library/)

12. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Cloning A Sheep (Roslin Institute http://www.roslin.ac.uk/library/)

13. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 IVF – In Vitro Fertilization  Baby conceived in a test tube and implanted in a Uterus  Available since 1986  About 100,000 IVF kids in U.S.  Often creates extra embryos some would like to use for Stem Cell research.  U.S. - About 400,000 frozen embryos (unregulated)  England – 52,000 (regulated by government)

14. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Controversies: Should a mother be legally liable for drinking or doing drugs while pregnant? This of course would cause harm to their unborn child. Opinion?

15. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Controversies: Should you be allowed to genetically modify your children before they are born to prevent disease? What about to change eye color, make them taller, stronger, smarter, better behaved? Opinion:

16. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Controversies: Should college students be forced to get the meningitis vaccine? Opinion

17. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Controversies: Should food and chemical corporations genetically modify food to yield more product, make food more nutritious, or make food taste better? Would you eat this food? Opinion

18. Stem Cells & Cloning 3/23/05 Controversies: Should people be allowed to sell their extra kidney or a portion of their liver to a person in need of a transplant? This is currently illegal Opinion