1. Leiomyosarcoma in an Adult Llama Jarrod Ludwig RD. Tyler Jr., D. Righter, K. Potter, KH. Baum, GK. Saunders Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

2. 12-year-old neutered male llama Signalment Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

3. History and Clinical Signs Subsequently the llama was found dead Presented to the referring veterinarian with acute: –Lethargy –Anorexia –Ptyalism –Tachypnea Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

4. Gross Lesions Ruptured 15cm hepatic mass with a blood clot adherent to the serosal surface Liver Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

5. Gross Lesions 3-5cm, mottled, white-red nodules scattered throughout the liver and lung Lung Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

6. Microscopic Description Hepatic mass and pulmonary nodules –Extensive hemorrhage, fibrin, edema, and necrosis –Normal hepatic architecture is obliterated and replaced by a densely cellular mass of pleomorphic spindle cells arranged in streams and bundles –Marked anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, occasional multinucleated cells, and 2-4 mitotic figures per 400x field –These findings are consistent with a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin (sarcoma) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

7. Microscopic Description H&E histopathology of the hepatic nodule Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

8. H&E histopathology of the hepatic nodule Microscopic Description Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

9. Immunohistochemistry Neoplastic cells are positive for: –60-85% Vimentin immunoreactivity –10-15% Muscle-specific actin immunoreactivity –15-20% α-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity Neoplastic cells are negative for: –Mac 387 –Desmin –Cytokeratin Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

10. Immunohistochemistry - Markers Vimentin - demonstrates that the neoplasm was of mesenchymal origin (sarcoma) Muscle-specific actin - recognizes all of the alpha actins (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle) as well as gamma smooth muscle actin α-smooth muscle actin - recognizes only alpha smooth muscle actin Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

11. Immunohistochemistry Liver - Muscle actin Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

12. Immunohistochemistry Liver - α-smooth muscle actin Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

13. Case Summary The large hepatic mass is suspected to be the primary neoplasm The mass likely originated from the smooth muscle of either a hepatic blood vessel or biliary duct Immunohistochemistry and histopathology support a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma Sudden death was the result of hypovolemic shock secondary to acute hemoabdomen caused by the rupture of the large hepatic mass Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

14. References 1.Cooper BJ, Valentine, BA: Tumors of the muscle. In: Tumours in Domestic Animals, ed. Mueten DJ, 4th ed., pp 319-340, Iowa State Press, IA 2002 2.Shapiro JL, Watson P, McEwen B, Carman S: Highlights of camelid diagnoses from necropsy submissions to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, from 1998 to 2004. Can Vet J 46:317–318., 2005 3.Valentine BA, Martin, JM: Prevalence of neoplasia in llamas and alpacas (Oregon State University, 2001–2006). J Vet Diagn Invest 19:202-204, 2007 4.Valero R, et al.: Leiomiosarcoma hepatico: Reporte de un caso y revision de la literature. Casos Clinicos de Gastroenterologia, Casos Clinicos de Oncologia 2006: http://www.portalesmedicos.com/publicaciones/articles/256/2/Leio miosarcoma-hepatico.-Caso-Clinico 2006 Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

15. Questions? Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only