2. 1. 25% OF THE WORLD’S PRISONERS ARE IN U.S. PRISONS. 2. “TOUGH ON CRIME” AND “TRUTH IN SENTENCING DO NOT REDUCE RECIDISM. 3. OVER-INCARCERATION IS BREAKING THE BANK. 4. TODAY WE ACTUALLY KNOW WHAT WORKS. THE PROBLEM:

3. JUDGES HAVE “THE INEXORABLY CENTRAL ROLE” IN SENTENCING. 1. WHAT ROLE ARE JUDGES ETHICALLY PERMITTED TO PLAY IN SENTENCING REFORM? 2. PROFESSIONALLY, WHAT ROLE SHOULD JUDGES PLAY IN SENTENCING REFORM? THE QUESTION:

8. 1. THE EARLY SENTENCING COMMISSIONS AND SENTENCING GUIDELINES 2. THE WORLD OF DRUG AND SPECIALTY COURTS 3. THE WORLD OF “TRUTH IN SENTENCING” AND “TOUGH ON CRIME”

9. 1. THE STATUTORY CHANGES 2. HIGHER SENTENCES

14. * SENTENCING REFORM TODAY THE BIG PICTURE SOME BIG ISSUES FOR JUDGES TO ADDRESS 1. GUIDELINES STATES 2. DETERMINATE AND INDERTMINATE DISCRETIONARY 3. RISK/NEEDS ASSESSMENT AT SENTENCING 4. ARRIVING AT GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN SENTENCING