1. The grass is always greener (than the forest): is it the N? Hannah Tremblay Carleton College, 2014

2. Background Fertilization and fossil fuels have more than doubled amount of available N in biosphere Expansion of suburbs is one of the fastest growing land uses Recent evidence suggests that urban soils may be a sink for atmospheric N (Raciti et al. 2008)

3. The experiment To quantify the differences in total soil nitrogen, available nitrate, and nitrification rates between residential lawns and forested areas in northern New Hampshire. How does the land use shift from forests to lawns affect nitrification and mineralization rates?

4. Methods: site selection 12 clusters 58 sites Personal interview and questionnaire

5. Methods: In the field 5 volumetric, 5.8cm diameter, 15cm deep cores from lawns and adjacent forests Vegetative cover and tree inventory recorded Measured area of property

6. Methods: In the lab Soil sieved and homogenized Two 20 gram subsamples ▫“Time 0” extraction: placed in a 250 ml Nalgene bottle with 100ml of 2M KCl. Settled for 24 hours. ▫“Time final” extraction: incubated for 21 days in a 1 pint mason jar and fanned every 3 days. Soil samples filtered and analyzed

7. Methods: In the lab

8. Results P-value <.05

9. Moving forward Nitrification and mineralization rates Investigation of historical land use Relationship with vegetation Demographic information

10. Thank you Craig See Adam Wild Clarissa Lyons Austin McDonald Shinjini Goswami Russell Auwae Ruth Yanai Melany Fisk Tim Fahey Paul Lilly Peter Groffman Paige Warren Matt Vadeboncoeur

11. References Raciti SM, Groffman PM, Fahey TJ. 2008. Nitrogen retention in urban lawns and forests. Ecol Appl 18(7):1615–26.