1. Semester Two exam review Prepositions

2. Definition A PREPOSITION shows relationship between two things. Location:on, under, in Timing:before, after, during Direction:from, toward, to

3. prepositions The mouse is on the table. Two things: mouse and table Relationship: one is on the other On is a preposition!

4. prepositions The mouse is under the table. Two things: mouse and table Relationship: one is under the other Under is a preposition!

5. Common Prepositions aboardalongbehind but (except) fromoffpastuntil aboutamidbelowbyinonsinceup aboveamongbeneathdowninsideontothroughupon acrossaroundbesideduringintoouttowith afteratbetweenexceptnearoutsidetowardwithin againstbeforebeyondforofoverunderwithout

6. Practice Identify the prepositions in each sentence. 1. The pizza in the oven is mine. 3. The runners raced around the track. 2. The girl by the door is my sister.

7. Prepositional phrases PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES start with a preposition and end with the object of a preposition. The pizza in the oven is mine.in the oven The girl by the door is my sister.by the door The runners raced around the track.around the track

8. Object of a Preposition The OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION must be a noun and always comes at the end of a prepositional phrase. The cookies are in the oven. The girl stood by her grandmother. Together, a preposition and the object of a preposition make a prepositional phrase!

9. Practice Identify the preposition, object of the preposition, and prepositional phrase in each sentence. 1. Hang the painting outside the new auditorium. 3. Sports programs are preferred by many people. 2. Sometimes there are good programs on television.

10. Semester TWo exam review Conjunctions

11. Definition A CONJUNCTION is a word that joins words or groups of words. The following common conjunctions are known as COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS. orfor not and but yet so

12. Coordinating Conjunctions The cat is black. The cat is fat. The cat is black and the cat is fat.

13. Correlative Conjunctions A CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION combines with other words to form a conjunction. They always travel in pairs. not...but both…and not only…but also either...or neither…nor whether…or as…as

14. Practice Identify the conjunctions in each sentence. 1. I was certain I would go to the dance, but I lost my ID. 3. Either Mom or Dad will pick you up from school today. 2. It was my lucky day—I found a twenty dollar bill and aced my test.

15. Semester Two exam review Interjections

16. Definition An INTERJECTION is a word or group of words that expresses emotion.

17. Practice Identify the interjections in each sentence. 1. Ouch! I smashed my finger in my locker. 3. Wow! I won the lottery. 2. Yahoo! I got an A on my paper.

18. Semester Two exam review Complete Sentences and Fragments

19. Complete sentence A COMPLETE SENTENCE has a subject and a predicate that work together to make a complete thought. Bobby smiled until he thought his face would crack.

20. Sentence fragment A SENTENCE FRAGMENT fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It usually lacks a subject or a verb. Last Saturday after the ballgame at the ice cream shop.

21. Semester two exam review Punctuation

22. capitalization The title used with the name of a person –Mayor Stern The first word in a letter opening –Dear Sir or Madam: The first word in a letter closing –Sincerely yours, Appropriate words in the title of a written work –Hamlet

23. capitalization A proper noun –Spain, Industrial Revolution, Linden High School A proper adjective –English tea The first word in a direct quotation –She said, “Ken is here.”

24. Period At the end of a declarative sentence –It’s a beautiful day. At the end of an imperative sentence –Write to me soon. At the end of an abbreviation –Feb. for February

25. Question mark At the end of a direct question –Have you completed tomorrow’s assignment?

26. Exclamation mark At the end of an exclamatory sentence –Watch out for that car!

27. commas In a series of words, phrases, or clauses –My chores include walking the dog, cleaning my room, and washing the dishes. Between independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction –I didn’t make the team this year, but I plan to try out again next year. To set off nonrestrictive appositives –Seattle, the largest city in Washington, borders the Pacific Ocean.

28. commas After the opening of a friendly letter –Dear Margaret, After the closing of a letter –Yours truly, Before and after the year in a date –It was April 5, 2011, that he arrived. Between a city and a state and after the state –Elaine visited Madrid, Spain, in July.

29. commas To set off a direct quotation –David said, “Let’s go to my favorite restaurant to eat pizza after the game.” To set off a name in direct address –Elia, will you help me with my homework after school? To set off a nonessential clause or phrase –The new teacher, who arrived just yesterday, seems very nice. After an introductory word –Well, I don’t know how to answer your question.

30. commas After a series of introductory prepositional phrases –At the end of the year, students must take a final exam in each subject. After an introductory dependent clause –Before Anna began to write her history report, she went to the library to do research. After an introductory participial phrase –Arriving just in time, the couple hopped aboard the train.

31. Semicolon To separate independent clauses not joined by a coordinating conjunction –I have seen that movie three times; one of my favorite actors is in it. To separate items in a series when one or more of them contain commas –London, England; Edinburgh, Scotland; and Dublin, Ireland

32. apostrophe In possessives –the sun’s rays, the babies’ cradles In contractions –won’t, can’t

33. colon After the opening of a business letter –Dear Mayor Brown: To set off an explanation or an example that follows an independent clause –The shoes came in three colors: pink, brown, and red. Between the hour and the minute expressing time –11:30

34. Quotation marks At the beginning and end of a direct quotation from a text or speech –The coach said, “We must all work together to win this game.”