1. Mapping the Israeli high tech industry Project: IFISE Work package 7 Arie Sadovski

2. Methodology Database from a commercially available source Eight hundreds companies were contacted in two cycles Companies: estb. 1993 or later and hdqtrs in Israel Received 143 qualified, filled-in questionnaires Each company was contacted at least two times; in most cases three times: 1st call to identify the founders, then interview via fax/email and follow- up

3. The companies

4. Major industrial sectors Communication (hardware) and electronic components Software for internet Software for other applications Electronic medical instruments and devices Software for telecommunication (ex internet) Biotechnology (excluding pharmaceuticals) Computer (hardware) semiconductor devices and electronic components Optical instruments and materials (including optical communication items)

5. Industrial sectors

6. Number of employees The average number is 36 80% of the firms have < 50 15% of the companies have < 10 Mean employees' number having formal academic degrees is 23.4 on the average at least 65% of the employees have academic degrees

7. Companies’ age Companies Age # % 1 year 29 20 2-3 years 54 38 4-5 years 31 22 6+ years 29 20 Total resp 143 100 Mean 3.5

8. Number of employees* Employees companies % 1-5 9 7 6-92015 10-194634 20-493325 50-991813 100-249 7 5 250+ 3 2 Total136100 Mean 35.6 * From data base

9. Product development phases # % Research and development2115 Technological demonstration 6 4 Prototype12 9 ß site 1712 Initial sales 4331 Sales4129 Total respondents140100

10. Proportion of R&D expenditures to income* R&D Expend # % 0-10% 911 11-20%1114 21-30%5 6 31-50%911 51-70%1215 71-100%3138 101+%4 5 Total81 100 Mean 74% * Approx., year 2000

11. The founders

12. Number of founders per company Founders # % 12215 25740 3 4230 41511 5+ 6 4 Total 142100

13. Founders’ formal schooling #% Non academic11 8 Vocational Engineers8 6 B.Sc. /B.A7351 M.Sc. /M.A6344 Ph.D.6747 Military courses1510

14. Founders’ professional training disciplines # % Engineering6445 MBA2417 Exact / Computer Science7754 Management/Economic2115 Life Science2618

15. Founders' age groups distribution Age # % 24-33 74 24 34- 43 83 26 44-53 104 33 54-65 47 15 66+ 6 2 Total 314100

16. Women founders Per company Companies 1 13 2 1 4 1

17. Changes in the founders' position # % Yes, all of them are still in the lead 9467 No, part of them are in the lead3021 No, none of them are in the lead1611 Total respondents 140 100

18. The entrepreneurial environment and background

19. The geographical birth place of the new technology # % Israel12890 Abroad 12 8.5 Both 2 1.4 Total respondents142100

20. The working environment in which the new technology was borne # % Academic institution23 20 High Tech industry73 62 Academic + High Tech 4 3 Low Tech industry18 15 Total respondents118 100

21. Previous occupation of the founders # % Unemployed 2 1 Students 9 6 Academia, Research Institute 24 17 Industry 108 76 Total respondents 143 100

22. Founders’ previous industrial positions # % R&D Manager7855 Staff3122 Production Manager10 7 Staff 1 1 Marketing /sales Manager3323 Staff 6 4 Total responses 159

23. Fund raising patterns

24. Number of rounds used for fund raising Rounds Companies % 148 39 229 24 324 20 415 12 5 6 5 Respondents 122 100

25. Sums raised in the different rounds Sums raisedSeed1st 2nd <150K 26 8 6 151-600K 3714 8 2-3M 3048 40 3+ 829 46 Total100 100 100

26. Sums raised in the different rounds

27. Non-government financial sources for new start ups * Number Percent Self 39 27 Family and friends 19 13 Private investors (Business Angels) 76 53 Private incubator 7 5 V.C 74 52 Bank loan 17 12 Stock exchange; IPO 8 6 Investment Company 14 10 Strategic investor in Israel 14 10 Strategic investor abroad 13 9 Other source 10 7 *Multiple responses per company were given. N=143

28. Non government financial sources

29. Yozma VC funds as a funding source Companies* Yozma VC funds Number Percent Eurofund 4 15 Medica 1 4 Walden 4 15 Gemini 3 11 Nitzanim 1 4 Apex 3 11 Inventech 4 15 Polaris 9 33 Vertex 2 7 Jerusalem Pacific Ventures 0 0 Star 4 15 *Multiple responses per company were given. N=27

30. Government financial sources Companies* Number Percent Government Incubators2115 R&D grant – Regular4934 R&D grant - For start-up 5 3 R&D grant - “Magnet” 7 5 Bi-National programme – BIRDF 11 8 Bi-National programme – Other 1 1 Investment Center – Grant/capital equipment 11 8 Investment Center – Income tax benefits 2115 *Multiple responses per company were given. N=143

31. Incubators and Yozma programs affiliated companies- comparison of sales and growth- rates to the other respondents companies

35. Difficulties encountered

36. The six most difficult areas and expectations for government assistance Areas of activity - Difficulty index (mean) * Gov. assistance Companies responding “YES” Fund raising - 4.2 58% Marketing - 3.8 45% Networking with strategic partners - 3.5 37% Connection with international collaborators - 3.3 49% Recruiting - 3.2 19% Connection to funding sources - 2.9 44% Protection of IPR – 2.8 32% * The respondents were asked to rank each difficulty on a scale of 1-5.

37. Other areas of activity Areas of activity - Difficulty index (mean) * Gov. assist. Locating the company in a building facility – 1.8 19% Networking with suppliers – 1.9 7% Sources for technical information - 2.0 22% Training of personnel -1.8 26% Advice on legal matters – 2.1 16% Advice on management matters – 2.2 17% Networking with experts – 2.4 7% Information on trends in the market & tech-2.4 24% Networking with other firms – 2.5 17% Advice on strategic matters – 2.5 16%

38. The areas of higher difficulty

39. End