1. Ray C. Rist The World Bank Washington, D.C.
Results Management and Results Measurement—Both Needed to Achieve Development Outcomes
Ray C. Rist
The World Bank
Washington, D.C.

2. Successful Development Requires An Effective and Efficient Public Sector
But of course, easier said than done: Consider just these six dimensions and their challenges
- Strengthening/Reforming Existing Administrative Systems
- Building in Accountability
- Providing Transparency
- Delivering Fundamental Public Goods
- Ensuring the Rule of Law
- Allocating Resources Effectively

3. Results-Based Management Is A Powerful Tool To Support The Transformation of the Public Sector
Shifts from an input-activity-output focus to a focus on the outcomes of public sector actions and initiatives
Responds to elected officials and the publics demands for accountability
Stresses knowledge and learning through continuous improvements

4. Emphasizes effective resource allocations
Provides information to help answer the “so what” question of intended government actions
Also helps developing countries assess if they are using their scarce resources most appropriately
But recognize this is a political process with technical dimensions – not vice versa

5. The Power of Measuring Results
If you do not measure results, you can not tell success from failure
If you can not see success, you can not reward it
If you can not reward success, you are probably rewarding failure
If you can not see success, you can not learn from it
If you can not recognize failure, you can not correct it
If you can demonstrate results, you can win public support

6. But What’s Different About This Type of Management?
Traditional management focuses on implementation
This involves tracking inputs ($$, resources, strategies), activities (what actually took place) and outputs (the products or services produced)
This approach focuses on monitoring how well a project, program or policy is being implemented
Often used to assess compliance with workplans and budget

7. Results-Based Management

8. Ten Steps to Designing, Building and Sustaining a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System
Planning for Improvement — Selecting Results Targets
Selecting Key Indicators to Monitor Outcomes
Conducting a Readiness Assessment
The Role of Evaluations
Using Your Findings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Agreeing on Outcomes to Monitor and Evaluate
Baseline Data on Indicators—Where Are We Today?
Monitoring for Results
Reporting Your Findings
Sustaining the M&E System Within Your Organization

9. Reasons to Do Results-Based M&E
Provides crucial information about public sector performance
Provides a view over time on the status of a project, program, or policy
Promotes credibility and public confidence by reporting on the results of programs
Helps formulate and justify budget requests
Identifies potentially promising programs or practices

10. Reasons to Do Results-Based M&E (cont.)
Focuses attention on achieving outcomes important to the organization and its stakeholders
Provides timely, frequent information to staff
Helps establish key goals and objectives
Permits managers to identify and take action to correct weaknesses
Supports a development agenda that is shifting towards greater accountability for aid lending

11. Moving to Results Based Management is a Global Trend
Governments are improve the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery by increasing their accountability to their citizens (citizens as clients)
Governments are setting outcomes for public sector programs with explicit theories of change
Governments are now monitoring performance against these outcomes

12. Moving to Results Based Management is a Global Trend (cont’d)
Governments are now evaluating why outcomes are being achieved or not
Managers are judged by their programs’ performance, not their control of inputs
Governments are establishing links between policy formulation, budget, and financial management

13. International Experience
Evidence suggests ten key elements are essential to making a transformation:
A clear mandate to do so
Presence of strong leadership at senior levels of government
Building a system that produces reliable information
Evident rationale and incentives for change
5. Links to budget/resource allocation processes

14. Key elements (continued)
6. Involvement of civil society
7. Pockets of innovation and use of pilots
8. Keep the system relatively simple and user friendly
9. Explicit theories of change—clarity on assumptions of attribution
10. Monitor both implementation progress and results achievement.

15. Developing Countries Have Important Challenges In Building and Using Results-Based Management
Difficulties in defining goals and strategies that link national, regional and local governments by sector
Increasing weaknesses apparent in government administrations further from the center
Weak or no links between performance and a public expenditure framework

16. Challenges (continued)
Weak or no incentives for Government managers to change from wanting to control inputs (whoever has the most toys wins!)
Government systems lack sufficient administrative and organizational structures to use M&E information for planning, management, and resource allocation decisions
Lack of capacity to design, create, and maintain credible information systems

17. Fundamental questions (continued)
What management framework exists in government to oversee introduction of M&E system?
What has to happen for M&E information to be linked to budget/resource allocation decisions?
Is M&E information being collected (inside or outside of government) to assess government performance on any dimensions?
What is existing capacity – both institutional and technical?

18. Getting Started… Some Policy Considerations
Single or multiple M&E systems
Piloting (Or not?)
Scope of introduction - whole of government - sector specific
Who is the champion and what is the level of political capital available to expend
Managing expectations on what can be delivered