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Protozoans
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Protozoan Groups Apicomplexans Amebas Ciliates Fig. 11.CO Flagellates
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Protozoan Taxonomy Morphological taxonomy Molecular taxonomy
Phylum sarcomastigophora Subphylum mastigophora Flagellates Phytoflagellates Zooflagellates Subphylum sarcodinia Amoebas Foramiferans Radiolarians Phylum Ciliophora Ciliates Phylum Apicomplexa parasitic protozoa Spore forming protozoans Molecular taxonomy Indicate that morphological relationships are tenuous Divergence between phyla of protozoa as great as between kingdoms (ie animalia, fungi and plantae) Revisions are continuously occurring
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Newly Revised Protozoan Taxonomy
Phylum Chlorophyta algae with chlorophyll Phylum Retortamonada no mitochondria Phylum Euglenozoa euglenoidea kinetoplasta Phylum Apicomplexa Phylum Ciliophora Phylum Dinoflagellata Amebas
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Basis of Taxonomy Morphological traits Reproductive modes
Flagella Cilia Pseudopodia Shells (tests) Reproductive modes Sexual Asexual Spore formation Distinct reproductive cell forms Cyst formation Characteristic organelles Apical complex Kinetoplast Presence/Absence of mitochondria Presence/absence of chloroplast Trophism Heterotrophic Autotrophic
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Flagella & Cilia Fig. 11.3a
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Fig. 11.6b Fig. 11.6b
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Pseudopodial Movement
Fig. 11.4
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Amoeba Amoeboid movement Phagocytosis Pseudopodial extension
Engulfment of large particles Fig. 11.5
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Contractile Vacuoles Osmotic regulation
Remove excess metabolic H2O, and HCO3 Remove H2O that enters by osmosis Fig. 11.8
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Feeding Fig. 11.9
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Examples of Binary Fission – Asexual Reproduction
Fig
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Sexual Reproduction Conjugation Sporogomy Meiotic nuclear division
Transfer of portion of genome between partners Sporogomy Formation of sporozoites Formation of gametocytes from sporozoites Fusion of gametocytes to form new generation of sporozoite Gametocytes and sporozoites are present in separate hosts
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Cyst Formation Fig. 11.1
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Euglenozoa A phytoflagellate Autotrophic Opportunistic heterotroph
Fig
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Free Living Flagellates
Fig Pandorina colony
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Colonial Flagellates Fig Volvox colony
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Cell Specialization in the Colonial Volvacae
Fig
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Examples of Sarcodinians
Fig
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Foraminiferan Tests Fig b
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Radiolarian Undergoing Binary Fission
Fig
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Dinoflagellates Fig
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Flagellates Parasitic examples Cyst formers Fig. 11.Fig. 11
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Intracellular Parasitic Flagellates
Fig
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Parasitic Kinetoplastids
Phylum Euglenozoa Subphylum Kinetoplasta Class Trypanosomatidea Trypanosoma spp Leishmania spp
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Immages from links at http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite
Trypanosomiasis African sleeping sickness – Eastern hemisphere Trypanosoma brucei Vector – Tsetse Fly - Glossina spp Immages from links at
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Trypanosomiasis Chaga’s disease – Western hemisphere Trypanosoma cruzi
Vector – assassin bug – Rhodnius spp, Panstrongylus spp and Triatoma spp
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Life Cycle of Trypanosoma
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Leishmaniasis Leishmania spp
Vector – sandfly – OW Phlebotomus spp, NW Lutzomyia, Brumptomyia Similar protozoan to Trypanosoma sp Cutaneous and visceral forms of disease
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Life Cycle of Leishmania
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Apical Organelles of the Apicomplexans
Fig
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Life Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum
Fig
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A Ciliate – Parmecium sp
Fig
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Reproduction in Ciliates – Sexual and Asexual
Fission = asexual Fig
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Conjugation Fig a
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Conjugation Fig c
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Conjugation Fig e
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Reproduction in Ciliates
Conjugation Fission Fig
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Some other Ciliates Fig
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Symbiotic Relationships
Host Symbiont Relationship Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism
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