1. Big Business and Organized Labor

2. The Rise of Big Business: Why? Shortage of labor Technological Innovations Government policies

3. The Second Industrial Revolution vs. the First Industrial Revolution Steam Iron Textiles Mass production of simple products such as shirts and slips Skilled and artisanal labor still necessary Electricity Steel Railroads Vertical and Horizontal Integration Research and Development Interchangeable parts and mass production Deskilling of labor

4. Textile Mill ca. 1890

5. The significance of the RR RR “firsts”: First big business, first magnet for finance, and first with large-scale management Government help: Pacific RR Act Golden Spike Work Force Finance: Gould and Vanderbilt Integrating a national market

6. Inventors and New Industries Bell and AT&T Edison and Westinghouse Battle of the Currents General Electric

7. Entrepreneurs John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil Horizontal v. Vertical Integration Trusts and Holding Companies Carnegie and Steel Bessemer Process Electrical Industry: Siemens, Edison J.P. Morgan and Finance U.S. Steel: The World’s First $Billion firm

8. John D. Rockefeller

9. Rockefeller Cartoon

10. J.P. Morgan Attacks!

11. Andrew Carnegie

12. Puddling

13. Bessemer Process

15. Carnegie Steel Mill

16. Electrical Industry Importance of Research and Development Early movers: Siemens & Halske: Telegraphy Inventors: Siemens: Electrical Magnets and Machinery Edison: Electric Lighting Westinghouse v. Edison: Battle of the Currents Morgan’s Role

17. Werner von Siemens

18. Thomas Edison: The miracle of electrical lighting

20. Labor Productivity, deflation and real wages Child Labor Molly Maguires and other heroes Railroad Strike of 1877 and Sand Lot Incident National Labor Union Terrance Powderly and the Knights of Labor

21. Types of Labor Unions Craft/Trade Unions: American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers Industrial Unions: Terrence Powderly and the KofL

22. Labor Violence Anarchism Haymarket Affair, May 3, 1886 Homestead Strike, July 7, 1892 Pullman Strike, May-July 1894: George Pullman, Eugene Debs, John Peter Altgeld, Grover Cleveland In Re Debs (1895)

23. Haymarket Riot 1886

27. Homestead Strike 1892

28. Strikers and Pinkertons

29. Homestead Strike: The Army Arrives

30. Frick and would be assassin

31. Pullman 1894

32. Pullman Strike and U.S. Army

33. Summarize Changes in Labor Deskilled work and mass production: leading to Fordism Antagonism between low skilled and immigrant labor and skilled and native born Industrial v. craft labor unions Living in new cities Government firmly aligned against labor unions and workers’ rights

34. Coxey’s Army Jacob Coxey Carl Browne “The Stranger”

42. Radicals International Workers of the World (IWW) Socialists

43. Why is there no socialism in America?