2. World War I The Road To War

3. The Fundamental Causes of WWI

4. NATIONALISMNATIONALISM

5. Nationalism Nationalism is the idea that ones nation or culture group is superior Every country and group shared in this new pride of their nation –Smaller groups want their own empire –Larger groups want to expand

6. Nationalism National draft in Europe –People from all parts of the country have similar experiences Intense patriotism assured popular support for warlike measures

7. NATIONALISMNATIONALISM IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM The Fundamental Causes of WWI

8. Imperialism The French and English nearly come to blows over Africa –Boer War (1899-1902) France and Germany clash over Morocco Russia and Austria-Hungary are rivals in the Balkans England and Germany compete for control of Africa and the Middle East

9. IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM The Fundamental Causes of WWI NATIONALISMNATIONALISM MILITARISMMILITARISM

10. Militarism Each European nation is seeking military superiority Germany has a strong military tradition and extolled military might England is threatened by Germany’s large navy

11. Militarism An arm’s race ensues –Improvements in the rifle, machine gun, and rapid fire artillery –Massive breakthrough in sea power Dreadnaut battleship is developed All naval powers start off equal England tries to build two battleships for every one German Ship

12. NATIONALISMNATIONALISM IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM MILITARISMMILITARISM ALLIANCESALLIANCES The Fundamental Causes of WWI

13. Alliances (International Anarchy) No organization exists to help nations settle their disputes peacefully Alliances –There was a complicated system of alliances through out Europe

14. Alliances –Germany Allied with both Russia and Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary and Russia won’t ally together Germany gives up on Russia and allies with Austria- Hungary Italy makes a defensive alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary

15. Alliances Triple Alliance –Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy Triple Entente –France, Russia and England

16. Alliances After the Boer War England is looking for allies –Although the French and English are traditional enemies they ally together –Although the British support the Japanese against Russia in the Russo-Japanese war, England and Russia are now allied together

17. Other Causes Domestic Turmoil –England’s problems Problems in Ireland Women want the right to vote Labor movement is threatening to strike –France is divided –Russia is on the verge of revolution in their own country

18. Other Causes Domestic Turmoil (cont’d) –Austria-Hungary is too ethnically diverse, they need a national event to pull their nation together –Germany has internal problems similar to England

19. The Spark The Event That Sparked The War

20. Assassination of Francis Ferdinand Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia –Serbia had wanted Bosnia to be part of a strong Serbian state A Serbian national terrorist group called Black Hand decides to plot an assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary

21. Assassination of Francis Ferdinand In June of 1914 the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, goes to the territory of Bosnia –Seven Serbian nationalist line the parade route The first assassin freezes and the second kills a bunch of civilians Ferdinand’s driver escapes only to turn down a dead end road The car stops in front of a café where one of the assassins was dining The assassin shoots and kills Ferdinand and his wife Sophia

22. Assassination of Francis Ferdinand Austria Hungary decides to deal harshly with Serbia who they blame for the assassination –They receive unconditional support from Germany –They issue a harsh ultimatum that Serbia can’t accept –Serbia tries to please Austria-Hungary, but they aren’t satisfied –Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

23. Assassination of Francis Ferdinand Russia begins to mobilize because they are a protector of Serbia –When Germany sees Russia mobilize they declare war on Russia and France Germany invades France through neutral Belgium –When Germany refuses to withdraw from Belgium England Declares war on Germany

24. Assassination of Frans Ferdinand NATIONALISMNATIONALISM IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM MILITARISMMILITARISM ALLIANCESALLIANCES The Fundamental Causes of WWI