2.  Herman Talmadge  Governor (1948-1951)  After his father’s death, the General Assembly selected him to replace his father, bring back the white primaries was his plan.  Opposed integration of schools, expanded the school year to 9 months  Implemented GA’s first state sales tax ▪ Money was used to improve public school systems

3.  Distinguished African American minister, scholar, and activist, lifelong educator  President over Morehouse College  Emphasized  The inherent dignity of all  Differences between ideals America and actual practices in American society  MLK used his ideas to further the CRM  Founded Omega Psi Phi Fraternity  First African American school board president in Atlanta

4.  A group of young people trying to attend school in Topeka, Kansas and were denied.  In 1954, the US Supreme Court ruled that schools must be desegregated (segregation was unconstitutional)  This ruling helped launch the modern civil rights movement

5.  In 1955, John Sammons Bell (GA’s Democratic Party Leader) wanted to change the GA flag to incorporate the St. Andrews Cross (Confederate Battle Flag)  In 1956, the General Assembly voted to change the flag  People received this change as a statement against the Brown v. Board decision  This move was seen as a recognition of GA’s Civil War past.

6.  Principal leader of the modern CRM  He was a clergyman and advocate for non- violent protest  Attended Morehouse College  Began career after the arrest of Rosa Parks  African Americans boycotted the buses after Ms. Park’s arrest  Took risk to his own safety and that of his family to progress Civil Rights for all  Delivered the “I Have A Dream” speech.  Assassinated by James Earl Jones.

7.  MLK led and participated in marches and protests calling for equal rights for all  Believed many problems were caused the economic inequalities in society  Killed by an assassin in Memphis, TN in 1968  January holiday commemorates his birthday

8.  SNCC  Sibley Commission  Integration of UGA  Albany Movement  March on Washington  Civil Rights Act of 1964

9.  Group grew out of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)  Encouraged young people (both black and white) to use peaceful protest to gain equal rights  Sit-ins  Freedom riders ▪ Protested by riding on segregated buses

10.  14 member committee, gathered information about how people felt about desegregation  Founded by Governor Ernest Vandiver  Report decreased resistance against desegregation  Most Georgians would rather close schools than integrate  Desegregation finally began in GA in the late 1960s

11.  Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were the first blacks admitted to UGA in 1961  The Hunter-Holmes building at UGA is named after them, and it was the site of their registration

12.  The goal of this movement was to desegregate the Albany, Georgia region  The groups involved:  SNCC  Youth Council of the NAACP  Baptist Ministerial Alliance  Federation of Women’s Clubs  Negro Voters League  Led by Dr. William Anderson

13.  Site of the famous “I Have a Dream” speech by MLK, Jr.  Five goals of march: 1. Meaningful Civil Rights laws 2. Massive federal works program 3. Full and fair employment 4. Decent housing, the right to vote 5. Adequate integrated education

14.  Created by JFK, signed by Lyndon Johnson  Three main provisions:  Guaranteed equal voting rights  Prohibited segregation in public places  Banned segregation by trade unions, schools, and employers involved in interstate commerce or business with the federal government

15.  Once restaurant owner, who removed African Americans from his place of business.  Became governor of GA in 1967  Because he was popular with Georgians who favored segregation, many feared he would return widespread segregation to the state  Requested huge police presence at MLK, Jr.’s funeral which kept many blacks from attending

16.  In 1973, Maynard Jackson was elected the first African American mayor of Atlanta- the first in a major southern city  Jackson encouraged a number of Affirmative Action programs  Expanded the Atlanta Airport and was mayor leading up to the 1996 Olympics.

17.  An aide to Martin Luther King, Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement  Served as an executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference  First African American from Georgia to be elected to Congress since the 1860s.  UN Ambassador for Jimmy Carter