1. CITES and Plants A User’s Guide Version 3.0

2. What This Presentation Will Cover Aims and implementation of the Convention Plant groups covered by CITES Enforcement of the Convention

3. Aims and Implementation

4. Why Protect Wild Plants? Unsustainable international trade in wild plants may threaten the survival of wild populations

5. To regulate and monitor the international trade in selected species of plants and animals To ensure that international trade does not endanger the survival of populations in the wild Aims of the Convention

6. Party 2003 Non-Party 2003 Parties to the Convention

7. CITES Authorities Management Authority Scientific Authority CITES Secretariat

8. CoPs and Committees Plants Committee

9. The Appendices Appendix I >300 species Appendix II >25,000 species Appendix III >30 species

10. Trade in wild plants prohibited for commercial purposes Trade in artificially propagated plants allowed, subject to permit Appendix I

11. Trade in wild and artificially propagated plants allowed for commercial & non- commercial purposes, subject to permit Appendix II

12. Trade in wild and artificially propagated plants allowed for commercial & non- commercial purposes, subject to permit Appendix III

13. Issued by the Management Authority Scientific Authority must advise that export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild –The Non-Detriment Statement Export Permits

14. CITES requires for wild Appendix I plants Some countries, for example member states of the European Union, require import permits for all species treated as Appendix I or Appendix II Import Permits

15. Certificates of Origin

16. International convention with over 160 Parties COPs and Committees Appendices = species lists Permit system Summary

17. Plant Groups Covered by CITES

18. More Plants than Animals!

19. Plants, Parts and Derivatives

20. Orchid Species

21. Orchid Hybrids

22. Cacti

23. Cacti Seeds

24. Carnivorous Plants

25. Carnivorous Plants - Dionaea muscipula

26. Galanthus

27. Cyclamen

28. Aloe

29. Succulent Euphorbia

30. Cycads

31. Palms

32. Tree Ferns

33. Timber - Appendix I

34. Timber - Appendix II and III Swietenia Pericopsis Gonystylus Major trade routes

35. Medicinal Plants

36. Exemptions

37. Plant groups controlled Parts, derivatives and products Exemptions to the controls Summary

38. Enforcement

39. CUSTOMS

40. Problems with Shipments No documents Documents do not match plants Misdeclarations

41. Distinguishing Between Wild and Artificially Propagated Plants Artificially Propagated Wild

42. Wild Collected Cacti

43. Wild Collected Orchids

44. Seized Plants Numbers Identification Resources Condition

45. Sustainable levels of trade Organisation of CITES Main plant groups Enforcement Summary

46. Conclusion

47. Further Information CITES Secretariat, International Environment House, Chemin des Anémones, CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva Switzerland Tel: (+4122) 917-8139/40 Fax: (+4122) 797-3417 Email: cites@unep.chcites@unep.ch URL: http://www.cites.org/

48. Additional Slides

49. Parties to the Convention 2003 1995 1985 1975 020406080100120140160+

50. The Appendices Appendix I >300 Appendix II >25,000 Appendix III >30

51. Nursery Registration

52. CITES Definition of ‘Artificially Propagated’

53. Detecting Detrimental Trade? The Burden on Exporting Countries Article IV of the convention states that an export permit shall only be granted when, inter alia,’ A Scientific Authority of the state of export has advised that such export will not be detrimental to the survival of that species’

54. Detrimental Trade - How and Why? Insufficient resources to implement Article IV of CITES Poor implementation of export bans on wild plants Smuggling

55. National CITES Authorities Functions of the Management Authority include: –representing the Party at CITES meetings –preparation of COP proposals –receiving input from the Scientific Authority –production of annual reports –issuing permits and certificates

56. National CITES Authorities Functions of the Scientific Authority include: –advising the MA that exports are sustainable –advising on export quotas –preparation of COP proposals –reviewing COP proposals –advising MA on the facilities for artificial propagation

57. CITES Registration of Scientific Institutions Exchange allowed under a simple label system Both institutions must be CITES registered Transaction must be non-commercial Collections must be permanently housed and curated Applies to preserved and live plants Material must be legal

58. Newsletters

59. CITES Checklists

60. CITES Identification Manual

61. Tillandsia – Air Plants