1. 新生講座 8.Reading Critically : Be a critical reader
2小時開始 左右聲音斷掉
共同教育中心 李維晏老師
【本著作除另有註明外，採取創用CC「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享」臺灣3.0版授權釋出】

2. Critical Thinking
Problem Identified  Hypothesis Formulated  Data Gathered  Hypothesis Tested  Conclusion Drawn
Ask appropriate questions  Gather relevant information  Efficiently Process information  Logically reason relationships  Draw reliable conclusions/ generalizations

3. Critical Thinking & Critical Reading
Ask appropriate questions 
Gather relevant information 
Efficiently Process information 
Logically reason relationships 
Draw reliable conclusions/ generalizations
“Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.”
~Margaret Mead~

4. Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
a. Hey, Chief.
b. What’s your favorite movie?
c. How old are you?
d. Have you gained some weight recently?
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011849結束討論

5. Sample Reading Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Questions :
What  Why  Who  Where  When  How
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6. Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.
3. Squaw.
4. Hold down the fort.
5. Don’t you get everything for free?
6. Do you live in a teepee?
7. That’s a nice costume.
8. I’m part Cherokee.
9. Indian-giver.
10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
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002310左右討論 結束討論
Ref. [3] [4] [5]

7. Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Hold down the fort
In a general context, “hold down the fort” simply refers to leaving someone in charge. But when said in reference to American Indians, it may be interpreted to mean “watch out for the Indians.” “Historically, forts in America were built to hold back the Indians,” says Waters, “this implies that Indians are always on the ‘war path.’”
003118
Ref. [3]

8. Squaw
While there are different opinions as to the exact meaning and origin of the word “squaw,” that doesn’t give you free license to use it with American Indians, male or female. The word is believed to have come from the Algonquian Indian term for “woman,” but it began taking on derogatory meanings as early as the 19th century, and many now see it as a reference to a woman’s sexual organs. “Squaw, with most Indian males and females, is offensive,” says Waters.
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Ref. [3]

9. Reading Strategies & Procedures
Skimming 1:
Read the title, sub-titles
Guess the main ideas
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Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
a. Hey, Chief.
b. What’s your favorite movie?
c. How old are you?
d. Have you gained some weight recently?

10. What  Why  Who  Where  When  How
Skimming 1:
(3) Read the guiding questions
(4) Make predictions
Questions :
What  Why  Who  Where  When  How
003919

11. Reading Strategies & Procedures
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.
3. Squaw.
4. Hold down the fort.
5. Don’t you get everything for free?
6. Do you live in a teepee?
7. That’s a nice costume.
8. I’m part Cherokee.
9. Indian-giver.
10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
Skimming 2 :
Read the 1st & 2nd sentences
and the last sentence of
each mini-section.
Confirm the main idea(s)
Identify questions/ problems
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Ref. [3] [4] [5]

12. Reading Strategies & Procedures
Scanning:
Read carefully.
Answer the Wh- Qs.
Hold down the fort
In a general context, “hold down the fort” simply refers to leaving someone in charge. But when said in reference to American Indians, it may be interpreted to mean “watch out for the Indians.” “Historically, forts in America were built to hold back the Indians,” says Waters, “this implies that Indians are always on the ‘war path.’”
004055
Ref. [3]

13. Reading Strategies & Procedures
Inferring:
Associate details.
Recover the meaning
from context.
Squaw
While there are different opinions as to the exact meaning and origin of the word “squaw,” that doesn’t give you free license to use it with American Indians, male or female. The word is believed to have come from the Algonquian Indian term for “woman,” but it began taking on derogatory meanings as early as the 19th century, and many now see it as a reference to a woman’s sexual organs. “Squaw, with most Indian males and females, is offensive,” says Waters.
004115
Ref. [3]

14. Reading Strategies & Procedures
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.
3. Squaw.
4. Hold down the fort.
5. Don’t you get everything for free?
6. Do you live in a teepee?
7. That’s a nice costume.
8. I’m part Cherokee.
9. Indian-giver.
10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
Summarizing &
Note-Taking
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Ref. [3] [4] [5]

15. Critical Reading Reading Critical Reading Active-ness Investigation
Passive-ness
Comprehension
Extension
Active-ness
Investigation
Reflection
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16. Be a Critical Reader Onion Peeling Concept Biased、Distorted、Prejudiced
Objectivity、Integrity
Fair-mindedness
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Ref. [6]

17. Factor 1: Knowledge Factor 2: Ability
005039左腦右腦—女人往左或右轉

18. Factor 3: Personal Backgrounds
Video : Selective attention test
Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris (1999)
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Ref. [7]

19. Factor 4: The Completeness of the material
Video : Guardian TV Ad Newspapers Point Of View Skinhead
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20. Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
Sample Reading
Things NOT to Say to American Indian Coworkers
1. How Indian are you?
2. Hey, Chief.
3. Squaw.
4. Hold down the fort.
5. Don’t you get everything for free?
6. Do you live in a teepee?
7. That’s a nice costume.
8. I’m part Cherokee.
9. Indian-giver.
10. You guys just need to stop living in the past!
有很長一段時間在討論，討論到011510

21. Useful Information & HW
Being a critical individual:
Find 3 useful resources for training reading skills.
Share your findings.
Useful resources will be introduced by the teacher next week.
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22. Study Hard, Play Harder! USEFUL RESOURCE
Edward M. Glaser (1941). An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking. New York, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University.ISBN 
Reynolds, Martin. (2011). Critical thinking and systems thinking: towards a critical literacy for systems thinking in practice“, p
Facione, PA. (2011). “Critical Thinking: What It is and Why it Counts”.

23. 版權聲明 頁碼 作品 版權標示 來源/作者 2 3 7,12 8,13 wikicommons/LadyofHats
本著作以創用CC0釋出，屬於公眾領域作品。 3
“Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.”
Goodreads/Margaret Mead ( )
依據著作權法第 46、52、65 條合理使用。
7,12
Hold down the fort……war path
Things Not to Say to American Indian Coworkers/Diversityinc/Rick Waters
8,13
Squaw While…… Waters

24. 版權聲明 頁碼 作品 版權標示 來源/作者 16 17 2, 3 15 Ask …...generalizations
wikicommons / Donovan Govan.
本著作以創用CC BY-SA授權釋出 17
Wikicommons / Nobuyuki Kayahara
本著作以創用CC BY-SA授權釋出。
2, 3
Ask …...generalizations
Shafersman, S. D. (1991). An introduction to critical thinking. Retrieved
依據著作權法第 46、52、65 條合理使用。 15
Reading……Reflection
台大李維晏老師
本著作以創用CC BY-NC-SA授權釋出。
Biased……
mindedness