2. Matter

3. What is matter? Anything that takes up space and has mass is matter.

4. Identifying matter We identify matter by its properties –Physical properties Properties you can observe without changing chemical make up of the matter Examples: shiny, silver color, bendable, cold –Chemical properties Properties that involve the chemical reactivity of the matter Example: acidic, explosive, corrosive, reacts with water

5. Physical changes in matter A Physical change is a change in how matter looks, but not the kind of matter is it is. Tear Cut Fold Liquid/Solid/Gas Mixture Solution

6. PHYSICAL CHANGES

7. Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

8. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

9. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID  Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

10. STATES OF MATTER GAS  Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

11. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the common state of matter

12. STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

13. Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

14. 2. Lightning

15. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

16. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

17. First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created or destroyed Second Law of Thermodynamics Energy flows in one direction. –Potential to Kinetic –Hot to Cold

18. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

19. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquidCondensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gasSublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

20. Chemical changes in matter The matter is changed into new Matter—it no longer has the same chemical make-up –Burning –Rusting –Rotting of fruit –Baking a cake or pancakes –Digestion of food –Frying or boiling and egg –Photosynthesis –Souring or Curdling of milk

21. CHEMICAL CHANGES

23. Mixtures Mixtures are two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined. Homogenous mixtures –look the same throughout but can be separated by physical means. –Examples: milk, yogurt Solutions –homogenous mixtures created when something is completely dissolved in pure water. –Examples: sugar water, salt water Heterogeneous mixtures –are not the same throughout; are composed of large and small pieces that are easily separated by physical means –Examples: fruit salad, vegetable soup, etc.