1. The Etruscans

2. Three periods of Etruscan History: Three periods of Etruscan History: Villanovan Period – 9 th -8 th centuries BCE – similar to Greek Geometric Period in art Villanovan Period – 9 th -8 th centuries BCE – similar to Greek Geometric Period in art Orientalizing Phase – 750 – 575 BCE – Etruscans reach height of their power Orientalizing Phase – 750 – 575 BCE – Etruscans reach height of their power Archaic Period – 550 – 350 BCE – Coincides with Greek Archaic Period; heavy Greek influence; most artwork from this period Archaic Period – 550 – 350 BCE – Coincides with Greek Archaic Period; heavy Greek influence; most artwork from this period

3. The Etruscans The Etruscans are the first historic people in Italy The Etruscans are the first historic people in Italy Etruscan writing has still not been deciphered Etruscan writing has still not been deciphered Etruscan religion was very similar to Egyptian and Greek; they were polytheistic and shared same gods as the Greeks but they had a strong belief in the afterlife like the Egyptians Etruscan religion was very similar to Egyptian and Greek; they were polytheistic and shared same gods as the Greeks but they had a strong belief in the afterlife like the Egyptians Most Etruscan art is funereal. Most Etruscan art is funereal.

4. The Etruscans Etruscan Art characteristics: Etruscan Art characteristics: Heavy use of bronze and terracotta Heavy use of bronze and terracotta Humans not always in proportion – not concerned with ideal forms Humans not always in proportion – not concerned with ideal forms Many mythological themes: animals, heroes, and gods Many mythological themes: animals, heroes, and gods Most art is related to funerals, tombs and after life themes Most art is related to funerals, tombs and after life themes

5. The Etruscans Apollo of Veii Apollo of Veii 6 th century BCE 6 th century BCE Veii, Italy Veii, Italy Sculpture Sculpture Done in terracotta, easily sculpted but also delicate Done in terracotta, easily sculpted but also delicate Masterpiece of Etruscan Art Masterpiece of Etruscan Art From top of temple From top of temple

6. The Etruscans Portrait of a Boy Portrait of a Boy 300-100 BCE 300-100 BCE Chiusi, Italy Chiusi, Italy Sculpture Sculpture Boy appears to be looking away towards a far away land Boy appears to be looking away towards a far away land Etruscans were famous for their bronze work done in the lost wax method Etruscans were famous for their bronze work done in the lost wax method

7. The Etruscans Capitoline Brutus Capitoline Brutus 300 BCE 300 BCE Rome, Italy Rome, Italy Sculpture Sculpture Considered to be done by Etruscan artists who were skilled in bronze work although it represents a famous Roman Considered to be done by Etruscan artists who were skilled in bronze work although it represents a famous Roman An early hero of the Republic, not the same person who killed Julius Caesar An early hero of the Republic, not the same person who killed Julius Caesar

8. The Etruscans L’Arringatore (The Orator) L’Arringatore (The Orator) Early 1 st Century BCE Early 1 st Century BCE Perugia?? Italy Perugia?? Italy Sculpture Sculpture Aulus Metellus is the name of the man Aulus Metellus is the name of the man Although the work is Etruscan, the style and clothing are completely Roman Although the work is Etruscan, the style and clothing are completely Roman

9. Etruscan Art Etruscan Temple Reconstruction Etruscan Temple Reconstruction 7 th century BCE 7 th century BCE Throughout Etruria, central Italy Throughout Etruria, central Italy Architecture Architecture This is an artist reconstruction – based on descriptions from Roman sources, coins and tomb paintings This is an artist reconstruction – based on descriptions from Roman sources, coins and tomb paintings Note only one entrance and on a pediment Note only one entrance and on a pediment

10. Tumulus 7th to 2nd centuries B.C.E. Cerveteri, Italy Architecture Etruscan tombs resembled homes and businesses in many details

11. Etruscan Art Tomb of the Reliefs Tomb of the Reliefs 3 rd Century BCE 3 rd Century BCE Cerveteri, Italy Cerveteri, Italy Architecture/Relief Sculpture Architecture/Relief Sculpture Richer people could afford sculpture in their tombs – here is the tomb of a blacksmith – note the reliefs of swords, armor, shields, etc Richer people could afford sculpture in their tombs – here is the tomb of a blacksmith – note the reliefs of swords, armor, shields, etc

12. Etruscan Art Tomb of Hunting and Fishing Tomb of Hunting and Fishing 520 BCE 520 BCE Tarquinia, Italy Tarquinia, Italy Architecture/painting Architecture/painting Interior of tomb from necropolis – continued belief in similarity in life and after life Interior of tomb from necropolis – continued belief in similarity in life and after life

13. Etruscan Art Sarcophagus of Married Couple Sarcophagus of Married Couple 520 BCE 520 BCE Cerveteri, Italy Cerveteri, Italy Sculpture Sculpture Made of terracotta, coffin of a married couple – Etruscans believed after life was same as this life Made of terracotta, coffin of a married couple – Etruscans believed after life was same as this life

14. Etruscan Art She- Wolf She- Wolf 500 BCE 500 BCE Rome, Italy Rome, Italy Sculpture Sculpture Typical Etruscan example of bronze animals – the twins were added in the Renaissance – this is now the symbol of the city of Rome Typical Etruscan example of bronze animals – the twins were added in the Renaissance – this is now the symbol of the city of Rome

15. Etruscan Art

16. Etruscan Art - Tombs

17. Etruscan Art The end... The end... Next Lecture … Next Lecture … The Romans The Romans