1. Austin Reineke

2.  Text has mentioned it often, but how much do you really know?  Michelangelo did some painting.  The Pope lives there.  It’s in Rome.  Hopefully you already know more… But if you don’t, this presentation goes a little more in depth.

3.  Many consider it the center of the Catholic faith  Residence of the Pope  A sovereign nation  Smallest country in the world  Located within the city of Rome  It’s 0.2 square miles are filled with St. Peter’s square and basilica, the grottoes, the Vatican Library, the Sistine Chapel, the Vatican Secret Archives, the Vatican Publishing House, the Papal Apartment, Vatican Post-Office, 11 museums, the Vatican Gardens, and more.

4.  Original basilica built over site of St. Peter’s martyrdom and tomb in 349 CE by Emperor Constantine (who had Christianity officially recognized). [1]  Martyr: One who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce religious principles.  During 15 th century, the original basilica was falling apart.  Pope Nicolas V ordered the restoration and enlargement of the church after plans by Bernardo Rossellino. After Nicolas V died, works were halted. In 1506 pope Julius II laid the first stone of a new basilica which was to become the largest in the world. [2]

5.  In 1547, Michelangelo took over as chief architect. He designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica.  Michelangelo actually painted the Sistine Chapel before this, from 1508-1512.  Other Michelangelo masterpieces can be seen throughout Vatican City, such as Pietà [3]

6. [4]

7.  Skipping ahead, Vatican City became an independent nation in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty.  The papacy recognized state of Italy with Rome as its capital and in return Rome recognized papal sovereignty over Vatican City.  Benito Mussolini signed the treaty as a representative for the Italian government. [5]

8. 1. 140 Saints 13. Apostolic Palace 14. Papal Apartment 17. Post Office 31. Sistine Chapel 32. Dome of St. Peter’s [4]

9.  Not the “main church” of Vatican City.  That is St. Peter’s Basilica  The Pope does not usually say mass here.  Not inside of St. Peter’s Basilica  Where Cardinals meet to select new Popes.  The Sistine Chapel’s chimney releases white smoke when the new Pope has been chosen. [6] [7]

10.  11 Museums in total including:  Pio-Clementine Museum  Named after Popes Pius VI and Clement XIV  Original patron Popes  Etruscan Museum  Archeological Finds  Egyptian Museum [8]  Houses ancient artifacts from Egyptian expeditions  Not to mention the hundreds of masterpieces found throughout Vatican City

11.  Group of buildings that include the papal residence  Papal Apartment:  Top floor of Apostolic Palace  Study and bedroom windows can be seen from St. Peter’s Square  On Sundays at noon, the Pope usually appears on his balcony to bless the crowd below. [4]

12.  Location of majority of the over 100 tombs within St. Peter’s Basilica [4]  Includes the tombs of 91 Popes.

13.  A vast array of historical documents spanning about 12 centuries (8 th to 20 th ).  The vast store rooms feature 85 linear kilometers of shelving, some of which is in the bunker.  A fire-proof, two-story reinforced concrete bunker located beneath one of the Vatican Museums. Features new technology to monitor security, climate and humidity.  Opened to scholars in 1881.  Important because significant and controversial documents like the trial of Galileo are kept there. [8]

14. [9]

15. [4] Inside St. Peter’s Basilica [10]

17. [12] Saint Statues of Saint Peter’s Square

18.  The Vatican is one of the most important things in European history. Our text proves this.  Ch. 13: Renaissance  The Vatican was a huge patron, and helped make Michelangelo so famous.  Ch. 14: Religion  The Vatican is the capitol for Catholics world-wide.  It will come up again, so hopefully you can use some of this information to help you better understand the text in the future.

19. [1] "History of Vatican City." Romanlife-romeitaly.com. Web. [2] "St. Peter's Basilica, Rome." A View On Cities. Web. 19 Sept. 2011.. [3] Buonarroti, Casa. "Michelangelo." The National Gallery. Web. 20 Sept. 2011.. [4] Lees-Milne, James. St. Peter's Basilica. Web. 20 Sept. 2011..] [5] "Lateran Treaty." Claremont McKenna College. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.. [6] Sistine Chapel. Digital image. Telegraph.co.uk. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.. [7] Sistine Chapel. Digital image. Telegraph.co.uk. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.. [8] Vatican: The Holy Se. Official Website of Vatican City. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.. [9] St. Peter's Basilica. Digital image. Minute Travel Guide. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.. [10] St. Peter's Rays. Digital image. Wikimedia. Web. 22 Sept. 2011. [11] Shephard, Scott. St. Peter's Dome. Digital image. Scottshephard.com. Web. 22 Sept. 2011. [12] Assante, Tony. Saint Statues. Digital image. Tonyassante.com. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.