1. THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE (CHAPTER 5: PART 2)

2. MANUFACTURING CORE

3. INTRODUCTION Economic character of the Manufacturing Core's major cities: –(1) Atlantic coastal cities and their environs –(2) Cities of the interior core, located between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes Light industry is more dominant in the former while heavy industry characterizes the latter. Today's lesson focuses on locational factors within the core and the economic character of a few of its major centers.

4. LIGHT INDUSTRY Manufacturing activities that use moderate amounts of partially processed materials Produce items of relatively high value per unit weight

5. LOCATIONAL FACTORS Break-in-Bulk Points –Transfer points along a transfer route –Mode of transportation or type of carrier changes –Large shipments are reduced in size. Complementarity - exists at the regional scale when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands.

6. INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION The clustering of manufacturing activities Businesses and plants benefit from close proximity. Share the costs of common operating requirements  Advantages - Firms can share….  skilled labor pools  communications systems  utility and power sources  transportation networks  Firms may even consume what each other produces.  Economical>>reduces initial construction costs and subsequent operating costs

7. INDUSTRIAL SITE FACTORS Raw materials Labor Transportation Energy sources Communications networks An accessible market

8. INERTIA COSTS OF LOCATION Costs born by an activity because it remains located at its original site, even though the distributions of supply and demand have changed The costs which a firm must bear when it is no longer situated at the optimum location. Examples???

12. THE EMERGENCE OF CHICAGO An urban center which overcame unfavorable characteristics of its site and evolved to prominence based on its situation Site Disadvantages –Established on the swampy margins of Lake Michigan, an ideal habitat for mosquitoes and other pests. –Poor quality drinking-water –The Chicago River was too small to serve as an effective transportation link –The city was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1871

13. THE EMERGENCE OF CHICAGO (continued) Situational Advantages –The city's location evolved as the optimum transportation hub as goods were transferred between the Lake Region and the agricultural interior. –The city became the regional rail hub of the western manufacturing core- benefiting from both manufacturing and agriculture.

14. ECONOMIC CHARACTER OF CORE CITIES New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Cleveland  Detroit  Chicago Buffalo  Toronto  Milwaukee Boston

15. NEW YORK  Major port city  Immigration point  Office industries prevail  Banking  Publishing houses  Insurance companies

16. PHILADELPHIA  Major port city  Food processing  Ship building  Steel and metal fabrication

17.  Major inland port  Iron  Steel  Light industries  Corporate headquarters PITTSBURGH

18. CLEVELAND  Major port  Transfer point  Iron  Steel  Rock & roll

19. DETROIT  Major port city  Automotive industry  Variety of supporting light industries

20. CHICAGO  Port city  Transport hub  Meat-packing  Furniture  Clothing  Steel

21. ECONOMIC CHARACTER OF CORE CITIES Generalizations concerning the economic character of other major cities of the manufacturing core. Boston - initially clothing and leather; since World War II, electronic components and machinery  Buffalo - formerly the continent's premier flour-milling center- more recently, chemical industries, aluminum  Toronto - a variety of light industries  Milwaukee - brewing, steel, motor vehicles, food processing

22. THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE (CHAPTER 5: PART 2)