1. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 Innopoli 1, Otaniemi, Espoo Progress Report Georgios Kanellis

2. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 Contents of the presentation About the PhD Working in the 1 st year Goals for the 2 nd year Georgios Kanellis 2

3. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 About the PhD –Title: “Optimization Methods with CFD in Two Biomass-Based Boiler Environments” –The aim is to optimize (~minimize) nitric oxide (NO) and ammonium (NH 3 ) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) emissions both in bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) and in kraft recovery (KR) boilers environments. –The design variables are:  the amounts of the NH3 feeds  amounts and locations of air feeds –The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) together with mathematical optimization algorithms, i.e. multiobjective optimization, is the main principle to reach the goal. Georgios Kanellis 3

4. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 The two boilers Georgios Kanellis 4

5. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 Working in the 1 st year Run of the BFBB case using ANSYS FLUENT in parallel. Georgios Kanellis 5 FLUENT Temperature field inside the Boiler (K)

6. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 NOx Modeling Georgios Kanellis 6 Duo Model for the SNCR,EDCM Model for chemistry-turbulence interaction. Brink - Duo Model for the SNCR, EDCM Model for chemistry-turbulence interaction. Brink - Duo Model for the SNCR, EDC Model for chemistry-turbulence interaction. NO mol fraction exp

7. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 Georgios Kanellis 7 Duo Model for the SNCR,EDCM Model for chemistry-turbulence interaction. Brink - Duo Model for the SNCR, EDCM Model for chemistry-turbulence interaction. Brink - Duo Model for the SNCR, EDC Model for chemistry-turbulence interaction. NH 3 mol fraction exp

8. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 Developing the OpenFOAM solver Begin from calculating simpler cases Solved the non – reactive, compressible flow equations taking into consideration turbulence and radiation. Used the typical SIMPLE velocity – pressure coupling combined with the local time stepping technique for accelerating convergence. Modeled the species properties (polynomial approximation for Cp, κ, μ) Currently modeling the reactive flow. 10.5.2015 Georgios Kanellis 8

9. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 OpenFOAM results in comparison with FLUENT 10.5.2015 Georgios Kanellis 9 FLUENT OpenFOAM Velocity Magnitude Field (m/s)

10. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 10.5.2015 Georgios Kanellis 10 OpenFOAM Turbulent Kinetic Energy K (m 2 /s 2 ) FLUENT

11. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 10.5.2015 Georgios Kanellis 11 Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate ε (m 2 /s 3 ) OpenFOAM FLUENT

12. EES Annual Seminar 11.3.2013 Goals for the 2 nd year Complete the OpenFOAM solver for the BFBB. Implement EDC in OpenFOAM and use it for the prediction of NOx. Predict accurately both the NO and ammonia emissions. Start the optimization process for the BFBB. Georgios Kanellis 12