1. ECOLOGY AND THE BIOSPHERE

2. YOU MUST KNOW… THE ROLE OF ABIOTIC FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF BIOMES
FEATURES OF FRESHWATER AND MARINE BIOMES
MAJOR TERRESTRIAL BIOMES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

3. CONCEPT 52.2
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LIMIT THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES

4. ECOLOGY STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THE ENVT
BIOTIC – LIVING – MAY INCLUDE BEHAVIORS AND INTERACTION AMONG SPECIES
ABIOTIC – NONLIVING, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL COMPONENTS
EX. TEMP, WATER, SALINITY, SUNLIGHT, AND SOIL

6. CLIMATE
MAJOR COMPONENTS INCLUDE TEMP, PRECIPITATION, SUNLIGHT, AND WIND
MACROCLIMATE PATTERNS – GLOBAL, REGIONAL, OR LOCAL LEVEL
MICROCLIMATES – SMALL-SCALE ENVTL VARIATIONS

7. CONCEPT 52.3
AQUATIC BIOMES ARE DIVERSE AND DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THAT COVER MOST OF EARTH

8. BIOMES
MAJOR TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS THAT OCCUPY VERY BROAD GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
AQUATIC BIOMES – MAKE UP THE LARGEST PART OF THE BIOSPHERE
COVER 75% OF EARTH’S SURFACE
FRESHWATER
MARINE

9. PHOTIC ZONE – ENOUGH LIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO OCCUR
APHOTIC ZONE – VERY LITTLE LIGHT PENETRATES
BENTHIC ZONE – AT BOTTOM OF THE BIOME – MADE UP OF SAND, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC (INCLUDING DETRITUS) MATTER
THERMOCLINES – NARROW LAYERS OF FAST TEMPERATURE CHANGE THAT SEPARATE A WARM UPPER LAYER AND COLD DEEPER WATERS

10. FRESHWATER BIOMES
INCLUDE STANDING BODIES OF WATER (LAKES AND WETLANDS) AND MOVING BODIES (STREAMS AND RIVERS)

11. LITTORAL ZONE (WELL-LIT SHALLOW WATERS NEAR THE SHORE) - ROOTED AND FLOATING AQUATIC PLANTS
LIMNETIC ZONE (WELL-LIT BUT FURTHER FROM SHORE) – PHYTOPLANKTON
OLIGOTROPHIC LAKES – DEEP LAKES THAT ARE NUTRIENT-POOR AND OXYGEN-RICH – LOW PLANKTON
EUTROPHIC LAKES – SHALLOWER, HIGHER NUTRIENT AND LOWER OXYGEN CONTENT – HIGH PLANKTON

13. RIVERS AND STREAMS – CURRENTS, GREAT DIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS
ESTUARIES – AREAS WHERE FRESHWATER STREAMS OR RIVERS MERGE WITH AN OCEAN

14. MARINE BIOMES INTERTIDAL ZONE – WHERE LAND MEETS THE WATER, TIDES
NERITIC ZONE – BEYOND INTERTIDAL ZONE, IS THE SHALLOW WATER OVER THE CONTINENTAL SHELVES
PELAGIC BIOME – VAST REALM OF OPEN BLUE WATER
CORAL REEF – CREATED BY CNIDARIANS – CALCIUM CARBONATE SHELLS – PRODUCTIVE ECOSYSTEM

16. CONCEPT 52.4
CLIMATE LARGELY DETERMINES THE DISTRIBUTION AND STRUCTURE OF TERRESTRIAL BIOMES

17. SAVANNAS – GRASSES AND SOME TREES, DROUGHT AND FIRES COMMON
DESERT – SPARSE RAINFALL, CAM PLANTS, SPINES AND WAXY LEAVES, TEMP EXTREME
CHAPARRAL – DENSE, SPINY, EVERGREEN SHRUBS, COASTAL AREAS WITH MILD RAINY WINTERS AND LONG, HOT , DRY SUMMERS

18. TEMPERATE BROADLEAF FOREST – DECIDUOUS TREES, CANOPY THAT LOSE LEAVES, ANIMALS HIBERNATE OR MIGRATE
CONIFEROUS FOREST – CONE-BEARING TREES
TUNDRA – PERMAFROST, VERY COLD TEMP, HIGH WINDS, LITTLE RAINFALL
TROPICAL FOREST – CANOPY AND UNDERSTORY, LITTLE SUNLIGHT THROUGH CANOPY, EPIPHYTES (PLANTS GROW ON OTHER PLANTS), GREATEST BIODIVERSITY