1. Lighting design In Architecture
University of Palestine
College of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning
Department of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning
Lighting design In Architecture
“DAYLIGHT”
Instructor:
M Sc. Eng. Nagham Ali Hasan
2nd lecture- 2nd semester /2009

2. DAYLIGHT: Importance Of The Daylight Daylight Sources
Daylight Components
Daylight Strategies
Daylight Calculations
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

3. Three Components of Daylighting Design
􀂄 Aesthetics (light and shadow, color, view…) 􀂄 Human performance (psychology and biology benefits) 􀂄 Energy (sustainable design)
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

4. Daylight for the beauty !
How much daylight (footcandles- lux)
Quality of light (glare and luminance ratios)
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

5. Sky conditions: Clear sky : Sky that is less than 30% cloud cover.
Overcast sky: Sky completely covered by clouds, no sun visible
Cloudy sky: Sky having more than 70% cloud cover.
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

6. Typical illuminances E and luminances under daylight and electric light.
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

7. Components of the Natural Light :
There are three separate components of the natural light that reaches any point inside a building:
Sky Component (SC) - Directly from the sky, through an opening such as a window.
Sky Component (SC) depends on:
Width of the window
Distance between the point and window
SC varies from 0.01 to 15%
Fig: Components of the Natural Light

8. Externally Reflected Component (ERC) - Reflected off the ground, trees or other buildings.
Externally Reflected Component (ERC) is small.
The luminance of obstrction is taken as 10-20% that of the sky
Internally Reflected Component (IRC) - The inter-reflection of 1 and 2 off surfaces within the room.
Internally Reflected Component (IRC): is a half of SC and is therefore significant
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

9. Daylight Component… Daylight factor defined as:
The ratio of daylighting illumination on a horizontal point indoors to the horizontal illumination outdoors, expressed as a percentage.
For cloudy sky
For clear sky
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

11. Key Architectural Issues
The daylight factor in a particular building space depends upon a number of design factors including
• size of daylight apertures (windows, skylights, etc.);
• location of daylight apertures (sidelighting, toplighting, etc.);
• access to daylight (considering the site, building, and room
contexts);
• room geometry (height, width, and depth);
• location of the point of interest relative to apertures;
• visible transmittance (VT) of glazing;
• reflectances of room surfaces and contents;
• reflectances of exterior surfaces affecting daylight entering the aperture;
• the effects of daylighting enhancements (such as light shelves).

12. The daylight illuminance at any given point in a building depends upon the factors noted above and:
• the building’s global location and prevailing climate;
• the time of day/month/year;
• the current sky conditions.
Daylight factor versus illuminance as a measure of daylighting. The illuminance values will change throughout the day, while the daylight factors will be reasonably constant throughout the day (under similar sky conditions).
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

13. Daylight systems: Windows Saw-tooth Monitors Skylight Atrium
How redirect the daylight into spaces??
Windows
Saw-tooth
Monitors
Skylight
Atrium
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

14. Vertical windows:
Useful daylighting will only reach a distance of 2.5 times the height of the top of the window above the work plane (usually taken at a desk height of 60 cm
In a standard office building with a window height of 2.5 m, this means a maximum of about 5-7 metres.
Cross section showing lighting distribution from a single-sided window installation
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

15. Windows… The Effect of Windows on Two Sides of a Room on DF
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

16. In overcast sky condition:
Long thin horizontal windows will not prvide as much light per unit area as taller more vertical windows
The Effect of Window Height on DF
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

17. (a) is for three tall windows, and
Fig. shows how the DF varies across a room using two types of windows, both having the some total area:
(a) is for three tall windows, and
(b) is for one long, high- level window.
Window (a) will give a good open view, but (b) will provide more even daylight illumination.
The Effect of Window Shape on DF
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

18. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

19. Cross section showing how illumination vectors become more horizontal as sidelight travels deeper into a space
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

20. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

21. Light shelf & ceiling reflectors

22. Minimum Reflectance Values
Typical lightshelf.
Minimum Reflectance Values
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

23. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

24. Skylight :
Double-glazed units and a range of louvered systems should be used wherever possible to reduce conducted heat losses. Appropriate no. of units is 5% of ceiling area
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

25. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

26. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

27. English court
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

28. Roof Monitor Saw-tooth skylight
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

29. Saw-tooth Saw-tooth inclination Saw-tooth orientation
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

30. Saw-tooth Saw-tooth reflectors Saw-tooth preferred dimension
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

31. Mt. Airy Public Library Rooflights at Crookham Church
School. (Architects: Edward Cullinan Architects.)
Mt. Airy Public Library
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

32. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

33. Kimbel Art Museum - Louis Kahn
Use light reflectors under the light system to defuse the light through the internal space
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

34. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

35. Atrium
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

36. Mashroom column. Frank loyd Write
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

37. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

38. Celestins Square (The Car Bark) Central Shaft -Germany
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

39. Artificial light & Daylight factor
The required quantity of artificial light input is to achieve an illumance at the rear of the room comparable to, but slightly less than, the daylight illuminance near the window. For example:
Artificial light (lux)
Daylight factor
250
0.5%
500
1.0%
750
1.5%
1,000
2.0%
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

40. Innovated Daylighting Systems
Light Pipes:
The system consists of:
COLLECTOR /CONCENTRATOR
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
EMITTER
The Light Pipe Principle
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

41. Light Pipes…
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

42. Representative
measured light levels in tall shafts at De Montfort University’s Queens Building.
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

43. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

44. فراغ معيشة قبل وبعد استخدام أنابيب الإضاءة
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

45. London Art museum
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

46. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

47. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

48. Polla museum in Japan
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

49. The Heliostat System
الهيليوستات نظام للاستفادة القصوى من الضوء الطبيعي قد يكون سلبي أو إيجابي فهو يتكون من مرايا وعدسات تركز الضوء الطبيعي إلى داخل فتحة جهاز النقل.
The Heliostat System
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

50. The Heliostat System
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

51. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

52. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

53. Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

54. مركز تجاري - برلين المانيا
استخدم ثلاث أجهزة هيليوستات 2x2 متر مواجهة للشمس مع استخدام مرايا بدرجة انعكاسية أعلى السقف الزجاجي فوق الفناء الداخلي كوسيلة لإضاءة الفراغ وذلك بنقل الضوء الطبيعي إلى قاعة الاستقبال.
مركز تجاري - برلين المانيا
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

55. (movable-orientable Glass Louvres)5-
(movable-orientable Glass Louvres)
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

56. The Glass Louvers may be installed as a movable or fix system
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

57. Daylighting calculations
Where,
T is the diffuse light transmittance of the glazing including the effects of dirt, blinds, obstructions and coverings;
Aw is the window area (m2);
θ: is the vertical angle subtended at the centre of the window by unobstructed sky;
A is the total area of indoor surfaces (ceiling, walls and floor, including glazing);
R is the area-weighted average reflectance of ceilings, walls and windows.
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

58. Example:Daylighting calculations
An office room with 4*3m , height 2.5m assume that T = 0.75 and
Reflectance of the ceiling= 0.7
Reflectance of the wall= 0.5
Reflectance of the window= 0.1
Reflectance of the floor= 0.3
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

59. The total area of the room is 59 m2
The total area of the room is 59 m2. The average reflectance is area weighted in the following way: (R side wall) × (Area side wall) = (0.5)(3)(2.5) = 3.75 (R back wall) × (Area back wall) = (0.5)(4)(2.5) = 5.00 (R front wall) × (Area front wall) = (0.5)(10 − 2.25) = 3.88 (R window) × (Area window) = (0.1)(2.25) = 0.23 (R ceiling) × (Area ceiling) = (0.7)(4)(3) = 8.4 (R floor) × (Area floor) = (0.3)(4)(3) = 3.6 —————— Total = 28.61
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

60. Indicative daylight factors.
Environmental Systems in Architecture - Daylight- 2nd lecture

61. (in the area adjacent to the window to about 2Hwin away).
(a) Sidelighting average
DF= 20(Ag/Af)%
(in the area adjacent to the window to about 2Hwin away).
(b) Horizontal skylight:
DF = 50(Ag/Af)%,
where DF is the daylight factor as a percentage, Ag is the area of glazing (m2), Af is the area of floor to be lighted (m2),
and Hwin is the window head height (m).