1. Daylighting and Modeling SOURCE, SPACE, AND SENSORY EXPERIENCE

2. Daylighting and Modeling
LIGHT REVEALS STRUCTURE, FORM, AND MATERIALS…
EMPHASIZES
DEMATERIALIZES
ALTERS COLOR
SEPARATES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
FOCUSES ATTENTION

3. Daylighting and Modeling
DIFFERENT QUALITIES OF LIGHT: categories defined by Marietta S. Millet 1.) FOCAL GLOW
Strong Drop-Off
Commands Attention / Attracts Interest
Strong Sense of Contrast
2.) AMBIENT LUMINESCENCE
Diffusion of Light
Good light Distribution
Able to see all the details
3.) PLAY OF BRILLIANCE
Metaphor for Starry Sky or Reflections off Ocean Ripples
Tiny points of Light  Small distributed light output
Looking at the Source gives visual delight

4. Daylighting and Modeling
1.) FOCAL GLOW
Strong Drop-Off
Commands Attention / Attracts Interest
Strong Sense of Contrast
The sunburst through the clouds

5. Daylighting and Modeling
SOURCE
SKY - INDIRECT
SUN - DIRECT
MODIFIER
RECEIVER
PANTHEON, ROME, 128 A.D.

6. Daylighting and Modeling
2.) AMBIENT LUMINESCENCE
Diffusion of Light
Good light Distribution
Able to see all the details
Overcast Sky / Clouds Metaphor
Surfaces become secondary light sources

7. Daylighting and Modeling
BAGSVAERD KIRKE, DENMARK JORN UTSON

8. Daylighting and Modeling
3.) PLAY OF BRILLIANCE
Metaphor for Starry Sky or Reflections off Ocean Ripples
Tiny points of Light  Small distributed light output
Looking at the Source gives visual delight

9. Daylighting and Modeling
CHAPEL AT RONCHAMP, FRANCE CORBUSIER

10. Daylighting and Modeling
VARIABLES AFFECTING INTERIOR DAYLIGHT CONDITIONS
SUMMER
WINTER
1.) SITE ORIENTATION
2.) SEASON AND TIME OF DAY

11. Daylighting and Modeling
VARIABLES AFFECTING INTERIOR DAYLIGHT CONDITIONS
3.) URBAN CONDITION

12. Daylighting and Modeling A BRIEF REVIEW OF SOLAR GEOMETRY
ALTITUDE
AZIMUTH

13. Daylighting and Modeling
MARCH 21: SPRING EQUINOX
Equator Parallel to the Sun’s Rays
SEPTEMBER 21: FALL EQUINOX
JUNE 21: SUMMER SOLSTICE
Earth’s axis points toward the sun at 23.5
DECEMBER 21: WINTER SOLSTICE
Earth’s axis points away from the sun at 23.5

14. Daylighting and Modeling
Equinox = 46 Summer Solstice = 69.5 Winter Solstice = 23.5

15. Daylighting and Modeling DESIGNING FOR THE VARIABLES
summer
summer
Western Sun
EasternSun
winter
Southern Sun
winter
Frank Lloyd Wright Jacobs II House Madison, WI

16. Daylighting and Modeling EXAMPLES OF LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
Reflectance = Ratio of Incident/Reflected Light
I.R.C. (internal reflectance component)
Reflectance Rule of Thumb:
Walls should be less bright than the ceiling because directly in our field of vision
CEILINGS %
WALLS 40 – 60 %
FLOORS 30 – 40 %
FURNITURE %
Golden Lighting Ratio:
Not more than 3x brighter in areas of contrast so the eye can adjust

17. Daylighting and Modeling MANIPULATION OF THE OPENING
Deep Well allows for a broader distribution of light
Indirect Light is measured in LUMINANCE (Candelas / Sq.Ft.)
Lower heat levels
Zinc in paint absorbs ultraviolet in reflected light
Shallow Well of a horizontal skylight allows more light in
Direct Light is measured in ILLUMINANCE (Lumens / Sq.Ft.)
Higher heat levels
Infrared and ultraviolet components of light damage materials

18. Daylighting and Modeling
DAYLIGHT MODELS

19. Daylighting and Modeling
DAYLIGHT MODELS
BEFORE AFTER

20. Daylighting and Modeling
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
Daylight Factor is a percentage: D.F. = Lumens outside / Lumens interior

21. Daylighting and Modeling
DAYLIGHT MODELS

22. Daylighting and Modeling
ISOLUX CONTOURS
Plot the D.F. on a regular grid
Interpolate between the data points
Generate Contours of light gradation much like topography

23. Daylighting and Modeling
29% Wall Reflectance
48% Wall Reflectance
84% Wall Reflectance

24. Daylighting and Modeling
What is a ‘Heliodon’ ?
aka: “sun machine”, “sun table”, “heliolux”
simulates the sun’s position relative to an architectural scale model
geometric relationship established for 3 variables
1. site location (latitude)
2. solar declination (time of year)
3. earth’s rotation (time of day)

25. Daylighting and Modeling
Shadow Tracker Design
Fixed sun / Moving earth
Computer-controlled table
3 stepper-motor driven axis
high step resolution
Video software link
analog to digital

26. Daylighting and Modeling
Artificial sun:
- Strand theater light with Fresnel lens
Elmo MN34H Camera
color
17mm
CCD
interchangeable lenses

27. Daylighting and Modeling
Control Software

28. Daylighting and Modeling

29. Daylighting and Modeling

30. Daylighting and Modeling
DAYLIGHT MODELS
EXTERIOR INTERIOR